Two Translation Strategies: Domestication And Foreignization

Literary translation is portrayed by Weshsler (1998:p.9) as an “odd art” because “it consists of a person sitting at a desk, writing a fiction or poetry that has already been written, that has someone else’s name on it…”.In the like fashion, literary translation is considered by Landers (1999) as a unique form among all other forms that translation takes, for instance, technical, scientific, legal, and so forth, which are just some technical and specialized terms and do not make a particular relationship with the original but in literary genre, the translator should make relationship with the original text and be familiar with the author’s culture.

Skopos rule represents the major and first rule of skopos theory, it solves “the eternal dilemma of free vs faithful translation” which represents an evident that the translator's precognition of the purpose of any translation would aide the translator to choose the translation approach that achieve these skopos. And (Nord 1997) indicates that skopos of the same translation may need free or literal translation or mixture of both, it is to be determined by the purpose of the translation each time translation process is

Throughout my collaboration with the organization, I worked on producing an improved English translation of their official website. This has been the longest document I have ever worked on, totaling 31 pages and just over nine thousand words. While working on such a long document, I have noticed various important technical aspects about the process. I have learned that it can be difficult to maintain the consistency of terminology throughout the document, and that it is a good idea to go back through after completing all of the text and revise with an eye for consistency. I also learned that it is very important to revise in general, and to step back and take a break before doing so; when working in two languages at once, it is very easy to get caught up in the details of one or the other. There were many occasions when I was reading over what I had written earlier and I realized that sentence was obviously written in Spanish syntax even though it had English words. Finally, I learned that, even though translation is an individual process, it can be extremely helpful to collaborate with others and ask for a second opinion in order to produce the best possible

Some linguists claim that dealing with the process of finding equivalence is the most significant issue existing among translation processes and that is one of the mains principles of Western theory of translation. Translation is a mean of communication and in order for it to be effective it is crucial to establish appropriate equivalence between source and target text. Nida defines translation as “reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. (Nida, 1982, p. 12) It is conspicuous that equivalence is one of basic concepts of translation which cannot be overlooked. This complex phenomenon often becomes a measure which helps to define the process of translation. Number of researches stress on the important role of the equivalence for the translation process and it is hard to hard to overestimate the role of equivalence in translation. Use of equivalence translation help people to understand each other and enables achieving communication goals. Achieving maximum linguistic, grammar and structural equivalence is inevitably linked with certain restrictions and limitations but the skilful use of equivalents can undoubtedly benefit the results of translation act. Despite different approaches, the equivalence is an important

There are only a few people who have experienced so many sides of translating. Nora Zilahy is among them. She has been translating for 17 years, she owned a translating company some years ago and she is currently a business partner manager at Espell translation and localization ltd. She has a lively, versatile personality. She is mostly with her daughter in her free time, but she often goes to theatre, enjoys reading and travelling, moreover, she also loves horse riding – she used to do this sport competitively. Today, however, her translator career will be in the centre point.

As technology advances and integrates itself more and more into our daily lives, the demand for higher productivity at a faster pace grows too. A greater number of fields are being affected by this paradigm, and translation is among them, and the growing number of Machine Translation (MT) technologies that have appeared. In this paper, I will discuss the use of free online translation tools by professional translators, particularly Google Translate as the most used tool, as well as the position taken by translation agencies and organizations regarding their use. I will focus on three main points: first, the general perceived advantages and disadvantages of the use of these tools; second, the position of said agencies and organizations and their concerns; and finally, the use of these tools by professional translators. I will begin by providing a definition of

Zabalbeascoa (1996), a Translation Studies lecturer, referred to translation as a communicative act, and a human and social activity. He believed since they are not perfect, translation is also considered imperfect (as cited in Soler Pardo, 2013, p. 5).

She investigates the lack of systematic method of teaching translation at that time, “there is still no systematic method of teaching translation” (Reiss 1976:329). Scholars sheered translation as matter of intuition of bilingual speaker as in the statement of Lyons: "At the present time ...the translation process is predominantly a matter of the intuition of bi-lingual speakers” (Lyons, 1972:444 as cited in Reiss, 1976:330).

The translation process has been the subject of numerous changes throughout human history, before finally reaching its current state. The process of translation in modern times is much more complex, refined and sophisticated, compared to that of the past. Currently, translation makes use of the legacy of knowledge bestowed upon us by the centuries of research into numerous scientific disciplines, among which: linguistics, sociology, anthropology, psychology, history, ethnography and many others. These fields of study represent the solid foundation upon which the modern discipline of translation builds in order to allow for competent and effective communication to exist between different cultures using different languages, all with the higher

Machine Translation (MT) refers to automation of the process of translation, fully automatic MT, or part of the translation process, machine-aided translation, between languages. In machine-aided translation, computer programs such as word processing, CD Rom resources, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and concordance are implemented to conduct part of the process of translation. Therefore, computer is just an auxiliary tool in the process of translation. Translation instruments like on-line dictionaries or different Term Banks quicken the process of translation. In fully automatic MT, the source language is put into the machine, and the translation is performed without human intervention. If fully automatic MT is inappropriate, other strategies such as Pre-editing and Post- editing can be used (Sager, 1994).

When we talk about translation we talk about changing the world of language to another language with much different about the words and linguistics. Also, translation difficulties among students of English lead to reducing understanding and the absorption educational materials in the other language In this research will be a focus on the difficulties faced by students at Tabuk University, these problems not for students at Tabuk University but also for all students who learn English or learn any other language. Also, some students when they faced this problem, they search for a simple solution to overcome the problem without a fundamental solution. in addition to Some students tried to search for a solution problem through translation centers that may be incorrect or there are a lot of

Although this thesis is focused on the didactic uses of translation into a foreign language, it gave me a great amount of information about the general public's perspective on L2 translation, specially in relation to its practical uses. She, using the work of some other authors such as Mª Pilar Lorenzo and her own experience as a foreign student in Translation studies in a Catalan university, reaches the conclusion that L2 translation often fails because of the strategy taken. I look forward to using this thesis more as I begin to establish the methodology for my analysis.

Nevertheless, notwithstanding there is defects in translation, translation is never only about translating the word into accurate meanings. It is about creating common sense between two cultures. The idea of any system of language can not be simply translated without cultural background, which make cross-cultural communication between two totally different cultures seemed to be impossible. In early century, translation implies ‘negotiation’, a concept which refer to the exchange of ideas and the consequent modification of meanings. In that time,the relation between linguistic translation and cultural translation focused on the movement of ideas such as liberty, individualism and democracy. (P. Burke 2007) Accordingly the principle of translation is not accurately translating the component of the choice of words but the content and the main ideas. The theory of all human beings are able to feel and understand the cognition of the world gives translation chance

When translating documents, the quality of the source document is directly related to the time it takes to translate it, the expense associated with the translation, and the speed and expense of translating similar documents in the future. One of the key issues associated with source documents and translation is the level of communication between the author and the translator.

The second half of the last century have seen a great advance in translation field ( translation studies discipline ). Which make many translation scholars emphasis on the importantce of knowing the translation theory for the translators since the translation studies become a discipline.Mona Baker stats”