Two Types of Solids

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the percent by mass in a hydrated salt, as well as to learn to handle laboratory apparatus without touching it. The hydrated salt, calcium carbonate, was heated with high temperature to release water molecules. Gravimetric analysis was used in this experiment to determine the percent by mass of water in a hydrated salt. The hypothesis of this experiment was accepted on the basis that the percent by mass of volatile water in the hydrated salt would be fewer than 30%. The percent by mass was determined by the mass of water loss devised by the mass of hydrated salt multiplied by total capacity

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the properties of chemical substances that can be used to identify the types of bonds in a chemical substance using a laboratory procedure. The two types of bonds being identified were ionic and covalent. Based on a substance’s properties, how can you determine whether its bonds are ionic or covalent? This is the question I posed before starting the experiment.

4- chlorobenzoic acid which was the aqueous layer has a theoretical melting point of 240-243°C, the organic layer, 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol has a theoretical melting point of 68-71°C. During our experiment we were unable to collect any data for the organic

In a chemistry stockroom, a vial of an Unknown White Compound was found. In order to properly dispose of the substance, the substance has to be identified .The possible compounds has been limited to one of 15 different compounds. Also, approximately 5 grams of the Unknown White Compound (UWC) were available for testing. In order to determine the properties of the compound, a series of tests was conducted. These tests included a ph test, a conductivity test, a flame test, a sulfate test, a halide test, an ammonium test, a solubility test, and a carbonate test. Using the results of these experiments, it was hypothesized that the UWC is potassium chloride. To further confirm the hypothesis, a synthesis of potassium chloride was conducted.

Hypothesis: If we use these materials and use magnets, water, burners, and filters on the mixtures and elements given we should determine what kind of effect these materials given will have on these mixtures and elements, physical or chemical.

The purpose of this experiment was to find the amount and percent of water in a hydrated salt. Hydrated salt contains water molecules chemically bound to it while anhydrous salt is a substance that fire can readily remove the water molecules. Using the gravimetric analysis method, the sample salt was measured, heated, and was measured again after cooled down to room temperature; this procedure allowed the weight of water lost in the salt to be obtained. After two trials, the water in the salt was determined to have an average percent water of -35.04%. The null hypothesis, the heat will not affect the amount of water lost, was rejected ,however, the alternative hypothesis, the heat will allow for there to be water lost, was not supported.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the physical and chemical properties of pure chemical substances by subjecting them to various environmental extremes.

In this lab we performed four test. Using these test we discovered how the chemicals compounds Citric Acid, Calcium Chloride, Sucrose, Potassium Iodine, Phenyl Salicylate , and Sodium Chloride reacted to heat and many solutions. We also noticed that Phenyl salicylate was the least reactive out of all chemical compounds. Using the information discovered from the lab we were able to separate the chemical compounds into two groups. In group one were the chemical compounds Calcium chloride, Citric acid, Potassium iodide, Sodium chloride, and Sucrose these chemical compounds reacted to three of the four test. Group two was just Phenyl salicylate which reacted to only one of the four test. We also were able to state that group one was a covalent compound group and, group two was an ionic compound

Though the products had dissimilar melting point values, it is not enough to conclude that they are different. To be certain of the identity of the products, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and H- NMR were used. While IR is used to determine the functional groups present in an unknown substance through identification of covalent bonds, H-NMR is used to determine the structure of an unknown compound. The IR from both products had peaks at almost identical frequencies. The IR of both

As a result of this lab experiment, the hypothesis is attested to be precise as the ionic compounds did go through a double displacement reaction. The purpose of this experiment was to establish what occurs when two pairs of compounds react with one another. The information collected while doing the lab has allowed more knowledge to be obtained, as one can visibly see the changes happening and different signs of chemical changes. The cations and anions in the ionic compounds have successfully exchanged places with one another, creating the compounds with the different properties evident in the observation given. For example, precipitates were visible in almost all reactions in this experiment. Therefore, this lab experiment was held to demonstrate

As the temperature of water increases, the particles of solid Potassium chloride, KCl, which are absorbing energy from its surrounding, start moving more easily between the solution and its solid state because. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the particles will shift to the more disordered, more highly dispersed solution state. I predict that as the temperature of a KCl and water mixture increases, then the solubility of the KCl will also increase.

3. Leong, O. H. (2009). Qualitative Analysis. In Know Your 'O' Level Chemistry (pp. 101-103). Singapore: Panpac Education Pte Ltd.

The purpose of this lab was to study colligative properties. These properties are properties that are affected when a solute is added to a solvent. Thus, the amount is important, not the actual type of substance, for the colligative properties. A couple types of this property are the freezing point and boiling point of a substance. (1)

The objectives of this lab are, as follows; to understand what occurs at the molecular level when a substance melts; to understand the primary purpose of melting point data; to demonstrate the technique for obtaining the melting point of an organic substance; and to explain the effect of impurities on the melting point of a substance. Through the experimentation of three substances, tetracosane, 1-tetradecanol and a mixture of the two, observations can be made in reference to melting point concerning polarity, molecular weight and purity of the substance. When comparing the two substances, it is evident that heavy molecule weight of tetracosane allowed

The previous data focus on the food waste, environmental impact based on the odor impact, greenhouse gas emissions as methane and nitrogen, food waste effect on climate change, and food waste management. According to, Tsai et al., report the investigating the critical odors of the emission from food waste composting plants and their human olfactory effect in general concentration ranges presented by olfactometric results. The article determines that the critical odors were made by the analysis of multiple compounds in odor samples collected inside and outside the plants using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas detector tubes. The results of the study indicated that six critical odors were found in the fields consists of Ethylbenzene, Dimethylsulfide, Trimethylamine, p-cymene, ammonia, and acetic acid. The result found the Ethylbenzene, Dimenthylsulfide, Trimethylamine and p-cymene are the lower amount on odorant criteria but high concentrate of gas emission. While ammonia is non-correlate on concentration, acetic acid is the lowest concentration but significant on odorant. Trimethylamine is the best critical odorant on the greenhouse gas emission. The study, discussion didn’t study only indicated the specific olfactory effect patterns for the critical odors emitted from food waste composting plants, but provided the practical information for the odor control engineering to judge the elimination priority. This article is important