Tylenol And Acetylsalicylic Acid Lab Report

The purity of the aspirin is analyzed by its melting point, thin layer chromatography, and UV spectroscopy. The melting point of a solid is when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overpower their intermolecular forces, breaking the bonds apart.5 This results in the solid turning into a liquid. When observing the melting point, a low melting point indicates more impurities, whereas a high melting point indicates very few impurities in the substance.2 If the substances being tested consist of impurities, the intermolecular forces are weakened causing a lower melting point to be reached. When experimenting

After the trial ran for 10 minutes, we measured the distance travelled by the solutes and the distance travelled by the solvent. The distance the solvent travelled was 5.3 cm. The unknown solute travelled 4.1 cm, the Vis-a-Vis solute travelled 4.9 cm, the sharpie solute travelled 5.4 cm, and the Just Basic solute travelled 5.3 cm. By dividing the distanced travelled by the solute by the distance travelled by solvent we calculated the Rf value for each pen type. The unknown had an Rf value of 0.77, the Vis-a-Vis had an Rf value of 0.92, the Sharpie had an Rf value of 1.0, and the Just Basic marker had an Rf value of

In the first part, there may have been cross contamination of materials, especially since periods before us had already performed the experiment. During chromatography, our spot sizes were initially very varied, as we didn’t know exactly how much of each substance to place when we began. Thus, the substances in more abundance would have greater opportunity to travel up with the eluent, skewing the results. In the beginning, we even put 6-7 drops, causing some of the substances to mix together. Touching the TLC plate may also have disrupted some of the substances traveling up.

Two TLC plates were prepared with pencil. Plate one was marked with five marks. The marks were placed 1 cm apart in this order 0 seconds, 15 seconds, 30 seconds, Fluorenone, and Fluorenol. A second TLC plates was then marked with four marks. The marks were 1 cm apart and placed as followed 60 seconds, 120 seconds, fluorenone, and fluorenol. A 5.0 mL conical vial was obtained and weighted. 0.20 g of fluorenone and 4.0 mL of methanol was added to the conical vial. We then placed a magnetic stir bar into the vial. The vial was then clamped in place on a magnetic stir plate. The mixture was stirred until all the solid had dissolved. At the time the 0 second sample was taken with a micropipet and the TLC number one was spotted. Approximately

Victims of Tylenol poisoning were reported to suffer from hypoxia, lack or suffocation of oxygen. This is because the victims tested positive for cyanide. Cyanide is a poison that affects complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) of the electron transport chain . The cytochrome c oxidase accepts electrons from cytochrome c. It then reduced O2 to two molecules of H2O . Cyanide attaches to the iron (Fe) in this protein, and prevents the process from continuing normally. The bond is tight and does not allow any transport of electrons to oxygen. In a domino effect, this stops the production of ATP because ATP synthase does not receive the H+ ions it needs, causing the electron transport chain to stop working properly .

After ibuprofen samples had endured their given exposure time and were capped, cetirizine research samples were prepared in order for analysis. The extraction solvent used for this part of the experiment was 25% distilled water and 75 % methanol. Any cetirizine solutions made with the extraction solvent were exposed in the proper organic waste container after use. Initially, a clean 25.00 mL volumetric flask was conditioned with the extraction solvent. The capped pills samples were recommended to be loose in order to transfer all of the sample into the conditioned volumetric flask. For convenience, weighing paper was folded in airplane-style to transfer both halves of the pill into the volumetric flask. Next, tape was used to label the flask

Whilst the solvent is pasted the spot that was applied, a balance is then recognised between the components of mixtures as the molecules of a component which is then adsorbed on the solid and the molecules which are in a solution. However, the components within the solubility will then differ and the strength of their adsorption to the adsorbent and some components will then be carried upwards on the plate than others. When the solvent has reached to the top of the plate, it is then removed from the chamber, it is then dried up and the components is separated and it is visible on the TLC plate. Most of the times the colours are easily visualized but sometimes there aren’t as many colours on it therefore, a UV lamp is used to detect the plates.

Although crises situations happen, all situations are not doomed to failure. For instance, prior to its crisis, Johnson & Johnson’s Tylenol was the most successful over-the-counter product in America (Harris, Hart, Hubbard, Jurgensen, & Wells, n.d.). An absolute leader in painkiller, Tylenol accounted for a 37 percent market share, outselling its competitors (Harris et al, n.d.). During the fall of 1982, a malevolent person or persons, presumably unknown, replaced Tylenol Extra-Strength capsules with an altered version of the medication (Harris et al, n.d.) Unbeknownst to the corporation, this unknown person(s) replaced the capsules with cyanide-laced capsules, resealed the packages, and deposited them onto the shelves of a least a half-dozen food stores within the Chicago area (Harris et at, n.d.). As a result, several unexpecting people died a horrible death (Harris et al, n.d.).

Thin-layer chromatography, otherwise referred to as TLC, is a fast and inexpensive way to determine the amount of components in a solution or to identify an unknown compound. The principal behind TLC is when different compounds are placed on silica gel or alumina, (stationary phases) they will travel different distanced when eluted with the proper solvent. According to NCBI, this is because the more polar compound has a stronger interaction with the silica gel due to their polar properties, making it easier to drive the eluent away from its binding area. On the other hand, nonpolar compounds generally consist of van der Waals dipole interactions. Therefore, they don’t have as much resistance going down the silica gel and will travel further. The compounds can also be determined by comparing the substances retention factor 〖(R〗_f) with a known compounds R_f value. The R_f value is calculated by the following equation,

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a simple and inexpensive technique that is often used to judge the purity of a synthesized compound or to indicate the extent of progress of a chemical reaction. In this technique, a small quantity of a solution of the mixture to be analyzed is deposited as a small spot on a TLC plate, which consists of a thin layer of silica gel (SiO2) or alumina (Al2O3) coated on a glass or plastic sheet. The plate constitutes the stationary phase. The sheet is then placed in a chamber containing a small amount of solvent, which is the mobile phase. The solvent gradually moves up the plate via capillary action, and it carries the deposited

In this experiment, five TLC plates were set up and ran in each of the five prepared solvents. There are four steps when performing TLC which include: spot (touch the capillary to the plate briefly so the compound runs out and forms a small spot on the plate), develop (choose a solvent to develop the plate, then place the slide in the developing chamber), visualize (when the solvent reaches the stop line, remove and visualize the data), and calculate (measure the distance between the spot and start line to calculate the Rf values).

The purpose of this lab experiment is to study a simple esterification reaction, producing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), thus becoming familiar with synthetic chemistry tools and techniques.

As a result of the calculations made above the concentration of the pure ASA in the 10.0mL of NaOH in mg/mL, based on the Beer’s Law plot found in figure 1.0 was 0.0978mg/mL. Presumably, the mass (in mg) of pure ASA based on the two consecutive dilutions was approximately 97.8 mg this value is unsuccessfully proven to match the associated theoretical value due to the overall percent yield, which will be discussed further. Also, according to the same calculations made in calculation #1, the calculated mass for Bayer Aspirin was inaccurate as the calculated value was less than what was said by the company. In other words, the Bayer Aspirin did not contain 325mg of ASA, instead it actually contained 283mg. The percent purity of ASA was calculated to be 65.0 % and based on the reaction table, the limiting reagent was salicylic acid and manipulations were made with the actual and theoretical yield which gave an overall percent yield of 53.4%. Furthermore, since this value is less that 100%, it is considered to be a small percentage yield, this is an indication that the actual yield was less than the theoretical yield. The reason for such a small value can include the incompletion and/or loss of sample during each part of the experiment.

The first part of the experiment, 3.001g of a biphenyl/p-toluidine sample was obtained. The solid sample was dissolved in 10ml of dichloromethane. A TLC was constructed with a 20% EtOAc/Hexane as the solvent system; after it was completed, Rf values and observation were recorded. The solution was then added to the separatory funnel, making sure that the stopcock of it is closed before the solution is added. After that, 10ml of 3M HCL solution was added into the separatory funnel. The stopper of the separatory funnel was placed. To mix the layers together the separatory funnel was held in the following way:

In the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), the eluates were applied on a 5 cm x 8 cm per coated TLC plate by spotting 10 times. The member performing the application allowed each spot to dry before applying the next and made sure the spots are small as possible. Meanwhile, another member prepared the developing chamber by placing an approximate amount of the solvent system, DCM-hexane (1:1). The inner wall of the chamber with filter paper was lined, covered with a watch glass, and was then allowed to