Type 1 Diabetes Integrated Case Study

Dental insurance coverage is a key determinant on whether to seek care or not. The exclusion of our mouths from the rest of our body parts and not receiving the care it requires is quite impossible to rationalize (McClymont, 2015). Dental care is essential in the maintenance of good oral health and in the identification of symptoms of systemic conditions that most likely are manifested through the mouth. As striking and conspicuous as it may sound, Canada has indeed a type of health care system wherein mouth is excepted as a part of the body. As a matter of fact, our lips, tongues, and throats are securely covered while our teeth and gums are left out from the privilege. The most common infectious disease in the world are dental diseases, and the fact that many health issues can be first diagnosed through the oral cavity validates its importance and co-relevance to the rest of our body. Studies have linked poor oral health such as severity of gum infection to AIDS, first stages of osteoporosis, reveal nutritional deficiencies, immune disorders, cancer, and so on and so forth. Xerostomia or dry mouth for an instance is often a symptom of undetected diabetes. Diabetic patients have higher risks of gum infection caused by increased blood sugar, thickening of blood vessels resulting to hindered healing process that is why they are obligated to undergo pre-medication as a form

“The impact of unmet oral health care needs is magnified by the well-established connection between oral health and overall health” (Fineberg, H. 2011, p. ix). Oral health status is linked with general health, as evidenced by the association between poor oral health and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Poor oral hygiene can also lead to other health issues such as, oral facial pain and digestive problems. “The silent epidemic of oral diseases disproportionately affects disadvantaged communities,

Keywords were type 2 diabetes, periodontal therapy, and metabolic control. From the 65 articles yielded by the initial search, I narrowed my search to 23 articles by filtering publication dates to "published within 5 years" and species to "humans". Among these articles, four articles were selected based on their relevance.

Oral health is an important part of an overall health. Oral diseases ranging from cavities to cancer are all serious threats to an oral health. Research shows that there may be a link between oral disease and other health problems such as diabetes, heart disease and stroke as well as pre-term and low-birth-weight babies. If left untreated, it can cause more complications to the oral health. Periodontal disease, root caries and infections and other oral cancer can lead to severe pain, loss of teeth and serious health conditions. As a health care provider, it is significant to realizing the connection between oral diseases and systemic diseases so that we all can deliver our services to prevent and help treat disease while it is still manageable. Expanding the role of dental hygienists might reduce the most serious consequences of limited access to dentists, and dental hygienists are potentially well suited to play an important role in expanding affordable access (1). Collaborative practice of dental hygiene

Having Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with oral infections. A major oral infection that will be discussed is periodontal disease. Periodontal disease and Diabetes Mellitus have a two-way relationship; periodontal disease is the sixth most common complication of Diabetes Mellitus and DM is the strongest risk factor for periodontal disease (http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0082158). A risk factor that can occur from diabetes is xerostomia; this is the condition of not having enough saliva to keep the mouth wet (http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/oralhealth/Topics/DryMouth/). As a dental hygienist, you should

Diabetes is a disease that can be devastating to some families, but it is not that bad as it seems. With the correct amount of exercise and moderation, it can be maintained with several different methods. A large part of the United States population has a form of diabetes. Today, there are many treatments that improve the lives of those living with this disease. With the correct understanding, it can be manageable and change the lives of the diabetic and his/her family. Some people may think of this as a bad thing for children to have but with the proper management and exercise, it can be maintained as well as bring a family closer to one another. As a brother of a type 1 diabetic, I know how hard it is to live with it and how to

It is very common to have little knowledge about oral hygiene and its importance’s. Most people think that everything is fine as long as there isn’t any pain or bad breath. Unfortunately, this is a myth. Oral hygiene requires great importance of attention and is not simply based on how physically attractive a smile looks. In the article, “The health Perils of Gum Disease” it is stated that “gums are a barrier that help prevent inflammation that may damage your body” (Barker 1). In order to maintain a healthy mouth it is necessary to not only keep up with maintenance at home but also frequently seek a dental professional for proper cleanings and guidance. Lacking these tasks can cause great damage not only to the mouth

Ever since her husband died from a stroke, Theresa has exhibited lethargic behavior, such as staying indoors for long periods of time and lacking interest in any social activities. Her behavior has been presumed to be signs of depression. Due to her cultural background, Theresa finds family support important, which can be the reason why her husband’s death has affected her so deeply. Tyron, Theresa’s son, worries that his mother closes herself off from the world so much that she may stop making appointments with her doctor for general check-ups, which is crucial for her well-being due to her age (78 years-old) and the prevalence of diabetes within the Jenkins family. A barrier that Theresa could face by doing this is the lack of preventive care and dependence on folk remedies rather than contacting a physician. This could worsen any present or emerging conditions by seeking medical attention too late. In regards to Theresa’s risk for diabetes, her son, Michael, was recently diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes, which has a stronger link to genetics than Type 1 Diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2017). Her husband was also diagnosed with diabetes. For those of the African American culture, there is a higher incidence in diabetes mellitus. According to the American Diabetes Association (2017), “African Americans are 1.7 times more likely to have

Since diabetes depresses wound healing and creates blood vessel changes, Alice is at an increase risk of gingivitis and periodontitis. I can provide periodontal therapy if Alice is diagnosed with gum disease (Little et al., 2013, p. 236).

The Effects of Full Mouth Disinfection on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes with and without Chronic Periodontitis study identified the problem of the high periodontal disease prevalence amongst individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. The researchers found periodontal prevalence rates to be generally higher in diabetics than in those free of the systemic disease (as cited Srirangarajan, Setty, Satvanaravan, & Shetty S, 2016).

Chronic periodontitis has been identified as the most prevalent form of periodontitis affecting the adults and occasionally the adolescents and children.(Merin, 2015) This periodontal disease of inflammatory origin is thought to be the result of host immune response against bacterial colonies in the subgingival plaque.(Merin, 2015) In many cases, systemic and environmental factors play a significant role in the disease progression. Common risk factors such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and smoking, contribute to periodontal destruction in genetically susceptible individuals by modifying the host’s immune reactions towards periodontal pathogens. Clinically, the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis is made based on the presence of supragingival and subgingival plaque and calculus, signs of gingival inflammation, periodontal attachment loss and radiographic bone loss. Chronic periodontitis can be further classified based on the extent and severity of periodontal destruction. Localised chronic periodontitis is diagnosed when less than 30% of the sites are affected; whereas the generalised form of the disease affects more than 30% of the sites. The severity of the disease is determined by the amount of clinical attachment loss. It is classified as mild, moderate or severe when 1-2mm, 3-4mm or 5mm or more attachment loss is recorded respectively. (Merin, 2015)

Studies show that half of Americans suffer from chronic gum disease. In today’s society, half of the issue with periodontal disease is learning how to address it. It has been proven that the same pathogens that are the root of periodontal disease can also contribute to other health factors that can affect the body. Many of the health factors that come with having periodontal disease consist of; diabetes mellitus,

Unidentified factors is a possibility due to the observational study design. Questionnaires in several studies requires the guardian to recall some necessary data, which might lead to inaccurate information depending on the memory of the guardian leading to a bias in results (6,9,11). It should be noted that in multiple studies there was variations in defining and assessment of dental caries as some used dft, DMFS and DMFT or a combination, which might lead to indifference in caries identification (6). Further studies is needed to accurately identify the risk factors by having a specific defined research including longitudinal studies to identify factors influencing both pathways of obesity and dental caries.(9) It is recommended that more effective health programs are made to educate the community on how to prevent both dental caries and obesity and what is the proper way to treat them if they occur.

A total of 50 patients visiting to the out-patient Department of Periodontics, M.S. Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore who were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were recruited into the study. The ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the ethical committee of the institution. Patients within age group of 30 to 79 years with a minimum of 10 natural teeth present, patients with bleeding on probing in at least one site, patients with chronic periodontitis with at least two teeth with periodontal pockets of 5–8 mm in depth, patients with radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss and patients who have not undergone any periodontal treatment in the previous 6 months were selected for the study. Patients with systemic antibiotic therapy or use of NSAIDs prior to study entry and throughout the study duration, patients on medication known to potentially result in gingival overgrowth, pregnant or lactating females, patients with Type I diabetes or non-stable type II diabetes, patients with known allergies to NSAIDs or Chlorhexidine, patients with smoking habit and sites

An interesting correlation exists between the increased prevalence of diabetes in patients with chronic liver disease due to the severity of liver disease or to the treatment with interferon. HCV may act as an independent diabetogenic factor. For the dental therapist this association has significant implications, as diabetes is associated with substantial changes in the oral cavity, such as: