Type 1 Insulin Research Paper

During the 1920’s, many discoveries happened in the medical field. In particular, a major discovery was insulin. It helps save many lives since the 1920’s until today. The discovery of insulin resulted in a Nobel Peace Prize. It is an extremely significant hormone in the body of humans and animals. There are many facts people should be aware of about insulin like how it became discovered, what it is, and how it helps treat diabetes.

Both forms of Diabetes Mellitus require a treatment plan to maintain normal and stable levels of blood glucose. Once controlled levels of blood sugar with insulin injections, diet or medication, people with diabetes can lead a near normal life. Type I diabetes require insulin injections daily to maintain balanced sugar levels in the blood. If the concentration of glucose in the blood rises, (Thomsen), the imbalance can be identified by weakness, fatigue and thirst. These symptoms mean that more insulin is required. (Thomsen). However, if the concentration of glucose in the blood drops too low, a reaction occurs to insulin, causing dizziness, hunger, fatigue, headache, sweating, tremors and unconsciousness (in severe cases) . A quick fix for this problem is the person administering simple sugar such as that found in orange juice and some kinds of candy. However, this should be done only if the person is conscious and alert;

THe symptoms for type one diabetes include; urinating often, being very thirsty, blurred vision, and easy fatigue. The symptoms for type two diabetes are largely different. its symptoms included excessive hunger, excessive thirst, weight gain, and poor wound healing. The main cause of type one is due to the immune system. The persons body's immune destroys beta cells which produce insulin, so their bodies can't make their own insulin. THe cause of type two is basically due to lifestyle and a person's genetics. However, people with type two diabetes can actually produce their own insulin but their body can't recognize it and therefore can't use it. Therefore, many people with diabetes use insulin shots. Since people with type one can't make insulin and people with type two can't use their own they must use it from the shot. Also exercising regularly and eating healthy can also be solutions for both of these

Diabetes Mellitus is currently classified as type one and type two. Type one diabetes is characterized as a complete lack of insulin due to the destruction of the pancreatic cells. Type one is thought to come from an interaction between a genetic component or an acquired environmental component (auto immune). Type one diabetes, develops over the course of years. The peak age for diabetes is ten to fourteen years. With beta cells destruction happening before the disease is diagnosed.

control the level of glucose in the blood. Some of the common Insulins used for type I

Insulin is a hormone made naturally in the body by the pancreas. This hormone controls the level of sugar in the blood. People who have type 1 diabetes need to have regular insulin injections. In type 1 diabetes, the body stops making insulin and the blood glucose level goes very high. Some people who have type 2 diabetes may also need to have insulin injections to help control blood sugar

There are different treatment options for Type 1 and 2 diabetes that include oral medications, insulin injections, and insulin pumps(Diabetes and Kidney Disease). Oral medications are the most commonly used because of their ease of use and usually lowers the hemoglobin A1C effectively but can at times cause hypoglycemia (glucose levels falling below normal range of values). Oral medications are also mostly used for Type 2. Insulin is the method of choice in type 1 diabetes treatment plans. Insulin injections help reproduce the secretions of the pancreas. There are two types of insulin that is used, long acting and short acting. These help to better manage a person depending on meal consumption, caloric intake, and carbohydrate intake. Another way to manage type 1 is by an insulin pump. An insulin pump delivers continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin (Lemur and Batuman 210). Only 1 insulin is used in a pump, fasting acting. Also a pump can be programmed to release different amounts of insulin depending on the time of day to better manage glucose levels without multiple injections daily.

Type I diabetes is the most severe of the two types. In this form this stage of diabetes the body is unable to produce insulin, therefore, insulin would need to be injected daily just for the person to stay alive. Type I usually affects children and young adults.

Though there are many hypoglycemic agents available for the treatment of diabetes, insulin remains an important therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. This is because the natural history of type2 diabetes is characterized by progressive loss of beta cell function resulting into type 1 phenotype [28]. Due to this, exogenous insulin therapy is often required to achieve optimal glycemic control, even in type 2 diabetes [29]. If insulin is used appropriately, it is almost always

Insulin has been used for the treatment of diabetes since the 1920’s. Investigators have long pondered whether insulin given before the onset of diabetes could alter the course of the disease. The results demonstrate that insulin given before the onset of diabetes could

Before looking at the types of insulin in depth, it is important to understand their actions. The action of insulin can be determined by the onset time, the period of peak activity, and the duration of the dose (“Insulin” 51). The onset time is how long it takes the to reach the bloodstream and begin to lower the blood glucose (“Insulin” 51). The period of peak activity is period of time when the insulin is most effective in its function and the duration is the period of time when the insulin is active (“Insulin” 51). Short-acting insulin is the most similar to the insulin created within the pancreas and is commonly referred to as regular insulin (“Insulin” 51). This type of insulin has a fairly rapid onset time of approximately 30 minutes

One is youthful and one is adult. Type 1 Diabetes only affects 5% of people diagnosed with Diabetes. In Type 1 the pancreas does not produce insulin at all. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin your body contains glucose. This can cause serious health problems. (4) Type 2 Diabetes is the most common type. If you have type 2 diabetes your body does not use insulin properly. This is called insulin resistance. At first, your pancreas makes extra insulin to make up for it. But, over time it isn't able to keep up and can't make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels.(4)

An insulin injection is used to control blood sugar in people who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes when the body lacks insulin production. Type 1 diabetes is when the body does not make insulin and cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is when the body cannot produce or use insulin normally to lower the high blood sugar level. Insulin cannot be taken by mouth because it is a protein. The acid in the stomach would digest the insulin. An insulin injection stops the pancreas from producing more sugar and helps move the excess sugar from the blood to other body tissues where they can be used for energy. More than one type of insulin may be injected and is usually injected several times a day. Even though insulin helps

Insulin detemir [rDNA Origin] injection is the generic name for this medication. The associated brand name is Levemir and Levemir Flexpen.

Diabetes is a systemic disease caused by a decrease in the secretion of insulin or reduced sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin by target tissue. (Beale, et al., 2011) The incidence of diabetes is growing rapidly in the United States and worldwide. An estimated 347 million people around the world are afflicted with diabetes. (Whalen, et al., 2012) According to World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes prevalence among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. It is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and limbic amputation. World Health Organization (WHO) projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. It is a complex and costly disease that can affect nearly every organ in the body and result in devastating consequences. The leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, renal failure, and blindness in working-age adults, diabetes is also a major cause of premature mortality, stroke, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, and disability. (Cefalu, 2000) Insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents have demonstrated improvement in glycaemic control. However, Insulin therapy has some disadvantages such as ineffectiveness following oral administration, short shelf life, of the need for constant refrigeration, and fatal hypoglycaemia, in the event of excess dosage.