Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Study

However Diabetes can be managed through physical activity, diet and in high levels of diabetes using of insulin and oral medications to keep the blood sugar levels low. Another important impact of diabetes in human body is that it can increase risk of high blood pressure, and high cholesterol too. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s report “More than 29 million people in the United States have diabetes, up from the previous estimate of 26 million in 2010”. People can also prevent from diabetes by losing weight, being more active, and eating healthy foods. So if anyone is looking to stop diabetes or prevent it, then it’s better to change their lifestyle and follow the right path for it to reach their goal. Because just by talking about diet and exercise people can’t do anything to stop obesity and diabetes we all need to take a serious action for

Diabetes has become a serious issue in indigenous Australians in Australia. According to the Australian human rights commission (2001), indigenous people were three times more than non- indigenous Australians. Compared with all the population in the world, aboriginal Australians have the fourth highest rate of type 2 diabetes. Around 10% to 30% of them are diagnosed with diabetes and many of them will have the disease in early age (Better Health Channel, 2011). Based on the truths stated above, it shows that diabetes is serious health problems around indigenous Australians that need to be solved eagerly. This report will discuss four parts regarding diabetes among indigenous Australians included impact on the individual, family, population, together with, the implications for the role of nurse dealing with.

Despite enjoying excellent health and receiving comprehensive and universal healthcare access, Canada has seen continuing healthcare inequality especially among those people living at or below the poverty level and those who are members of the Aboriginal Peoples. The greatest impact of this disparity is evidenced through earlier mortality rates and greater incidences of injury and illness. Nowhere in Canada is this more true than among the Aboriginal Peoples, who, for example, have the highest rate or and risk for Type 2 Diabetes. This risk costs Canada an additional 18 billion dollars CAD every year (Strategic Initiatives and Innovations Directorate, 2011).

The prevalence of diabetes is 3.5 times as likely as non-Indigenous Australians and 4 times as likely to be hospitalised as a result. This could be linked to socioeconomic determinants of low levels education and consequently unemployment or low income work. Also, ATSI elders typically have a major influence over younger generations and therefore the youth are less likely to ask for help by health professionals and are more likely to seek advice from

Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by the loss of the ability to control the glucose level in the blood by the loss of insulin. This disease can be of many types, but the prevalence of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes are mostly seen in Australia, with type 2 being more common (AIHW, 2011). 4% of Australians have Diabetes, and according to the 2004-2005 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, diabetes was three times more common in Indigenous Australians than in the Non-Indigenous Australians.

Queensland is home to just over 30 per cent of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, equalling to a total 4 per cent of the state’s population1. Over the last decade, cardiovascular disease among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities has slightly decreased2, although documented cardiovascular diseases still remain five times higher than those of non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent1,3. Cardiovascular diseases are more than often encouraged by a large variety of pre-existing illnesses1 such as obesity, renal diseases, diabetes and hypertension4, which are common among indigenous communities4. Early detection is key, as the majority of health problems indigenous communities are undergoing are treatable1,

There are some factors that are non-modifiable and create a predisposition to the onset of developing Type 2 Diabetes. These non-modifiable factors include family history, race/ethnicity and age, and cannot be changed by lifestyle choices. Type 2 diabetes is traditionally a late onset disease however it is becoming more frequent to be diagnosed as a young person. Alpurrulam’s student network is made up of 89% Indigenous students alone. “Indigenous people were three times more likely to be living with Type 2 Diabetes than non-Indigenous people” (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2004-05). It is vital for our students to be educated on Type 2 Diabetes because of the high vulnerability of our school population of developing this lifestyle disease.

The prevalence of diabetes increased with age for all age groups. The prevalence ranged from 5.3% for Indigenous people aged 25-34 years to 40% for those aged 55 years and over.

There are many factors that affect the health of populations and communities. Factors like where people live, their environment, their income, their relationships, their education, and genetics affect a person’s health; these are known as the social determinants of health. This paper will be discussing which social determinants of health affect the rates of diabetes in the Aboriginal population of Canada. The determinants of health that this paper will cover are income, physical environment, and education. This paper will also use the Population Health Promotion Model (PHPM) to analyze the issue.

Increasing concern about the prevalence of diabetes in Australian indigenous community can be tackled by implementing a health promotion strategy I would label: “All-Encompassing Health Promotion System” (AEHPS). The primary purpose of setting up AEHPS is to mainly address the issue of inequality in relation to healthcare delivery in Australia (Willis, Reynolds & Keleher, 2012). In 2008, the Australian Government started a campaign through a National Indigenous Reform Agreement (NIRA) to close the gap in health delivery to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait people by 2031 (Australian Government, 2016).

Clients with complex needs could be left to navigate the health care system on their own, due to limited resources and over stretched health workforce (Charlesworth, 2015). The World Health Organisation (WHO) has reported that many chronic diseases such as stroke, diabetes and heart disease are preventable, creating a vast potential to develop a primary healthcare approach to address these issues (World Health Organisation, 2013). Studies indicate that Australian indigenous populations are over represented suffering with chronic diseases (Usher, 2011). In rural Indigenous communities, the life expectancy is ten years less than the non-indigenous populations, expressing the inequity of a health system that cannot supply the skill share needed to promote health access or provide comprehensive care to rural areas of Australia (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2016).

Therefore, if you have already developed diabetes, you may wonder whether the lifestyle changes that could have prevented diabetes will gain you anything. The answer is yes: the same lifestyle changes that might have prevented your diabetes can help you to treat it. As important as lifestyle is in causing diabetes, it may be even more important in treating type diabetes, as well as diabetes. Diabetes is unique chronic disease, affected by virtually every aspect of lifestyle, including eating, physical activity, and school, work, and travel schedule. Conversely, all of these activities are affected by diabetes. While many diseases require attention to taking prescribed medications, diabetes demands constant attention and vigilance with regard no timing and content of meals and physical activity, glucose monitoring, administration of numerous medications including insulin, foot care, and a host of other self-care requirements. And diabetes can be a petulant, jealous companion; if you ignore your care, even for a little while, it will make you pay with uncomfortable and potentially dangerous hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. And if you don't pay attention to the myriad details of care over a long period of time, the penalty can be much more severe with loss of vision, kidney failure, foot ulcers, amputations and heart disease. On the bright side, during the past two decades, clinical trials have shown us that persons with diabetes can live long, productive, and complication-free lives. Studies in diabetes have demonstrated how to achieve near-normal blood-glucose levels. In addition, we have developed effective interventions to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels in people with diabetes. The consequence of such "tight" glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol control is improved long term health. Blood-sugar levels maintained in the near normal range over

The common key facts are sedentary lifestyle, inactive, overweight. The simple things like gardening, walking, dancing, walking the stairs up and down or taking a dog on a walk. These are some very common but effective way to help lower the risk factor of diabetes. This risk factor applies to me as I am being little overweight and less active which may be a concern to the complications

Another way a person could manage or prevent diabetes is by exercise and diet. With the right diet and the amount of exercise, a person who has the traits of a prediabetic, can nearly diminsh the chances for them getting type one or type 2 diabetes. According to The American Diabetes Association, ''prospective studies have demonstrated that lifestyle modification in the form of diet and regular moderate exercise sharply decreases the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals who have impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose.''3 Becuase in some peoples cases, obestisty and blood pressure are factors that may cause diabetes, a change in what people eat and the amount of physical activity they get, can ultametly change their medical standing. People who already have type 2 diabetes and choose to manage it with diet and exercise, also have to take insulin shots but, they may argue that it's healthier to live irght and take insulin. When a person who already has diabetes exercises and eats healthier, this can actually reverse or slow down the natual course of the disesase. 3

Within the teaching plan it is important to incorporate all the aspects of Type 2 Diabetes prevention. To know the history of Type 2 Diabetes it is vital that everyone in the community knows the past struggles of this condition and the efforts that have been made to treat and prevent Type 2 Diabetes. In like matter, the inclusion of Type 2 Diabetes overview is presented, which includes the process of the pancreas that release’s insulin to the bloodstream to help decrease blood sugar levels. Overtime the increased blood sugar levels lead to other health complications, such as eye, kidneys, nerves, and heart problems. Moreover, the presentation presents with the risk factors to Type 2 Diabetes, which includes family history of diabetes, being overweight, unhealthy diet, physical