Type 2 Diabetes And Psychotic Depression Essay

     Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by inadequate insulin secretion by the pancreas or cellular destruction leading to an insulin deficiency. Depending on the cause of the insulin shortage, diabetes can be subcategorized into type I and type II. Type I diabetes (T1DM) is usually mediated by the destruction of b-cells in the pancreas resulting in decreased insulin production and secretion. Type II diabetes (T2DM) is the failure of these b-cells to secrete adequate amounts of insulin to compensate for insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis combined with an overall resistance to the insulin action (8., 1997). T2DM accounts

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that is modifiable and preventable through diet and exercise. The incidence of T2DM is propagated by a sedentary lifestyle and excessive caloric intake. Maintenance of a desirable body weight, diet, and exercise are the mainstay therapy for T2DM (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, & Sanberg-Cook, 2013).

Type II Diabetes or insulin resistance is the condition where the body makes insulin (hormone that is needed by the cells to turn glucose from the foods we eat into energy), but the body is unable to use it properly. To compensate for this, the pancreas produces more insulin. However, overtime the insulin accumulates in the blood which leads to various health complications (WebMD, 2013). Dietary teaching for Mr. Smith who has type 2 diabetes would include information on the recommended amount of foods to consume from the relative groups, the foods to limit or avoid if possible and alcohol consumption guidelines.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Some of the causes are because people are not having a healthy diet and less exercise or none at all. Some of these people who have type 2 diabetes are also obese. So do people who are obese have a higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes than people without diabetes ?

In humans, diabetes mellitus is one of the oldest disease. Diabetes is a disease in which the body is unable to produce and respond to the insulin hormone properly which causes an elevated blood glucose level and increased glucose level in urine. About 3000 years ago, it was first found in Egyptian manuscript. The difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was made in 1936. The main focus in on type 2 diabetes mellitus. The type 2 diabetes mellitus can be because of many factors including insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency or it can be by both. It can be genetic and also because of environmental and behavioral risk factors including physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, generous consumption of alcohol and smoking. Obesity is found to be the main contributor in approximately 55% cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more common than the type 1.

The emerging concepts in the 5 studies include the effect of exercise on type 2 diabetes with regards to metabolic and glycemic control and/or oxygen consumption levels of individuals with T2D. From the articles, there is accumulating findings that cardiovascular disease is a resulting effect and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients, but regular moderate and high-intensity exercises are effective in T2D management. These physical activities are associated with significantly improved glycemic and metabolic control, but such improvement may be affected by increased years of diabetes or insulin insensitivity. The rationale is that individuals with greater diabetic complications levels often have lower peak oxygen consumption (Estacio et al., 1998), which affects exercise capacity. Nonetheless, acute physical activity bouts can favorably change insulin resistance and abnormal blood glucose.

Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic non communicable disorder in the world. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a long term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Type 2 diabetes is typically a chronic disease associated with a ten-year-shorter life expectancy. This is partly due to a number of complications with which it is associated, including: two to four times the risk of cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease and stroke.To study the prevalence of microvascular, macrovascular, nonvascular complications and associated risk facters such as dyslipidemia obesity and hypertention in newly diagnosrd type 2 diabetes patients

This article explores the study of mental conditions with blood glucose levels and diabetes in adults. Blood glucose better known as (blood sugar) is associated with diabetes and causes physical mental behaviors within the US. However scientist’s gathered together information to apply the scientific method to come up with a conclusion. The scientific method is the study of everyday life to briefly conclude new knowledge or add onto science. It is simply performed by Hypothesis, Independent variable, Dependent variable and control group and the Experiment, and conclusion. The study was completed because “People with diabetes must engage in several self-care activities to manage blood glucose, cognitive function and other affective disorder may affect self-care behaviors such as depressive symptoms, and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder”(Nguyen, et al).

85 percent of both Type 2 Diabetes and its side effects are preventable, delayable or effectively treated, so why is Type 2 Diabetes such a huge problem and how can a person’s change in lifestyle help them live a longer, healthier life?

Diabetes is a killer; in fact, it is among the top ten killers of adults in the United States. "It can lead to, or contribute to, a number of other serious diseases" (Sizer and Whitney 112). Diabetes means "syphon" or "to run through" (Sizer and Whitney 112) therefore denoting the increase in urinary volume excreted by people suffering from this disease. Mellitus means "sweet". Diabetes mellitus means increased excretion of sugars being released with the urine, creating a sweet smell at the time of elimination. The patient with this type of disease has a problem with his insulin production or usage. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland, that helps to digest the sugars and use them for energy, and must be given

have regular eye exams at least once a year by an ophthalmologist to make sure

Family History And Other Factors :Having a family history of disease , dyslipidemia, polycystic ovarian syndrome in female children or acanthosis nigricans which is disease related

Due to the nature of mental illness, victims often don’t trust easily or feel betrayed, these situations can cause the individual to feel unsafe in the surroundings (Cleary & Hungerford, 2015). It may be difficult to establish a place which is perceived as safe by the patient due to the implications of their past experiences (Ullman et al. 2013). To assist im promoting safety the health care team should find themselves being able to identify the victim’s fears and developing a plan as to how to minimize such fears (Cleary & Hungerford,

There is a direct association between hyperglycemia and physiological and behavioral responses. During hyperglycemia, the brain recognizes it and sends a message through nerve impulses to pancreas and other organs to decrease its effect (Baynes, 2015). The autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leads to a deficiency of insulin secretion which results in the metabolic derangements associated with T1DM. Normally, hyperglycemia leads to reduced glucagon secretion; however, in patients with T1DM, glucagon secretion is not suppressed by hyperglycemia (Holt, 2004). The resultant inappropriately elevated glucagon levels exacerbate the metabolic defects due to insulin deficiency. In type 2 diabetes these mechanisms break down, with the

Psychotic depression is a common mental disorder in the United Kingdom today. Using the case of a 25-year old patient, this paper discusses several aspects of psychotic depression; the psychological and physical risks to which a psychotic depression patient is exposed and the most beneficial nursing care and interventions for the patient. To expansively discuss these aspects of psychotic depression, the essay will cover the physical and psychological risk assessment strategy for the patient, nursing care and management, possible medication and management of the condition, psychosocial interventions and best recovery model for the patient.