Type 2 Diabetes Case Study

The fluid surrounding the cells called tissue fluid are bother watery environment. Also, it’s the outside of any large cell. The function is to protect the cells from the surroundings. It also allows things to enter in and out of the cell this will maintain the support of cell and shape. Nucleus

* Cells allow things to go in and out of the organism (allows diffusion to happen so good things go in and bad things go out)

The small intestine is where the completion of the digestion and absorption of nutrients happens. The small intestine is highly adapted for the absorption; villi and microvilli. The small intestine is the main site for lipid digestion. The pancreas secretes lipases which are special enzymes that digest fats after they have been mixed with bile.

In this report i will be writing brief description on the functions of the main cell components of the body cell.

The structure of the phospholipid bilayer is a 2-layer arrangement. Basically, the phospholipid bilayer has 2 ends. One end is hydrophilic (attracted to water); therefore, the opposite end is hydrophobic and repels water. The hydrophilic ends face outwards and the hydrophobic ends face inwards. This experiment enables researchers to investigate how the cell membrane selectively chooses what cells to enter the cell through osmosis and diffusion. Within osmosis, it’s a process of what substance passes and exits the semipermeable membrane into a higher concentration to equal the outside and the inside. Unlike osmosis, diffusion is the movement of molecules transporting from a high concentration to

The cell membrane consists of eight distinctive parts that each have their own unique structure and function. The phospholipid bilayer is an integral part of the cell membrane because it is the external layer of the cell membrane and composes the barriers that isolate the internal cell components and organelles from the extracellular environment. It is composed of a series of phospholipids that have a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region. These regions are composed of the hydrophilic heads and the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids, this organization of the polar heads and nonpolar tails allows the heads of the cell to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules while the tails are able to avoid water. The phospholipid bilayer also has many important functions within the cell, it gives the cell shape, provides protection, and it is selectively permeable which allows it to only let very specific molecules pass through its surface. The phospholipid bilayer is an important structure because it prevents harmful and unwanted molecules from entering the cell and isolates organelles which helps to maintain the internal environmental homeostasis of the cell.

Lysosomes can be found in all parts of the cell cytoplasm, they are also small vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus. As these are capable of digesting all major chemical components of living cells they are also called suicide bags. They are free to travel throughout the cell; they destroy

Fenestrated Capillaries: Contains intracellular clefts and small holes called fenestra. These vessels allow small molecules as well, as limited amounts of nutrients, to pass through their walls. Most commonly found in the endocrine system.

The plasma membrane is barrier between a cell and its surroundings, composed of a phospholipid bilayer and various proteins. Phospholipids are amphipathic lipids with hydrophobic fatty acid tails, and hydrophilic heads composed of glycerol, choline, and a phosphate group. When phospholipids come into contact with water they form a bilayer with the hydrophilic heads in contact with the water, and the hydrophobic tails together and kept separate from the water.

The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion, but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell.

The large intestines plays a major role in storing waste before its eradication, it also reabsorbs water and maintains the fluid balance of the body, process certain undigested molecules and vitamins. The ENS is lining the wall of the digestive tract; myenteric is located deep amid the external muscle layers from the esophagus to the anus. Its role is to increase smooth muscle tone in the gut, create rhythmic contractions at variable speeds, increase or decrease contractions of peristaltic waves as well as inhibiting sections of smooth muscle that is stopping the flow of contents. The submucosal ganglia are located in the submucosa which is right under the mucosal membrane in the large intestines, this ganglia helps in absorption, contraction of the submucosal muscle and intestinal secretion

The knowledge gained in understanding the adult population that is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus is to be able to implement glucose control, proper nutrition, eating habits, exercise, and weight loss to support their lifestyle changes to positive behavior and have positive outcomes. During the research, I learned that a comprehensive assessment will set goals, either short or long, for the person living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The individual will be communicating with health providers about their diagnoses to receive appropriate medical care to benefit in their quality of life. The assessment will point out the strengths and weaknesses and be able to develop a plan to make changes in their lifestyle where there needs to be

Now, what does it do you may be asking? These tiny things provide a lot for many unicellular eukaryotes. The main function of both of these organelles is movement which is powered by ATP. Cilia beat in unison on the outside of the cell in a whip like motion. Flagella have a rotational movement which makes them also act as whips to allow cells to swim through fluids. Cilia allows the cells to move through water, being locomotor appendages. Also, when the cilia is a part of a cell that is bound to one place, they will aid in the movement of water over itself. Other than movement, cilia and flagella act as sensory organelles, receiving information from outside the, like different chemicals and temperature, and informing the cell about what

Plasma membrane is a border that covers all cells. This coating is difficult, due to the parts always moving allowing specific materials into the cell and keeping substances away. Phospholipid bilayer is what plasma membrane is made of, and they are membrane proteins. “Because it is made of different pieces that form a pattern and seem to float and move in watery environments” (Daempfle, 2016) the plasma membrane is called the fluid mosaic. The fluid mosaic model consists of several macromolecules. Integral proteins spread the whole lipid bilayer; peripheral proteins which sits either inside or outside of the membrane. These two macromolecules serve as foundation cells to one another to transport materials across the membrane, take in chemicals,

Cytoplasm is a substance that is located inside of the plasma membrane. From the use of the bacteria’s cytoplasm, proteins, amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, salts, vitamins, enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, and the bacteria’s internal structure which are all important to the bacteria’s survival floats around the cell through the use of cytoplasm. The flagellum is an object that bacteria use to help propel themselves through liquid substances. Not all types of bacteria have a flagellum. Only rod shaped bacteria or spiral shaped bacteria have a flagellum.