Type 2 Diabetes Research Paper

Diabetes mellitus is a category of metabolic diseases distinguished by hyperglycemia from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The most widespread form of this disease is Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which accounts for 85-95% of all diagnosed cases. Often times these cases are without symptoms during their early stages and sometimes remains undetected for many years. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is connected with enduring dysfunction and damage to various organs including the eyes,

"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder of the endocrine system"(Ciccone, 2016), which caused an increase in blood glucose. In the United States, there are approximately 24 million people diagnosed with DM. (Ciccone, 2016). Diabetes is also considered as a global health problem that seems to increase every day. It is estimated that people diagnosed with DM will increase up to 366 million in the year 2030 (Ali et al., 2015). DM causes a serious problem and is known to be the primary cause of blindness in the adults. Also, it is said that a significant number of patients who were diagnosed with diabetes will suffer from an end-stage renal disease (Ciccone, 2016). According to Mishra, Swaroop and Kandpa (2016), complications of diabetes are seen gradually, especially if the glucose level is not controlled (p. 55). Also, Li, Zheng, Buruku and De Kimpe (2004), explains that people with diabetes has difficulty or not able to produce insulin that controls the blood glucose.

Diabetes is a disease that is one of the most leading causes that affects blindness, kidney disease and leg or foot amputations (Rosdahl, 2012). In the U.S 29.1 million people have been diagnosed with diabetes and 8.1 million people with diabetes who are undiagnosed (American Diabetes Association, 2015). There are 3 types of diabetes all in which lead to an increase in blood sugar.

Diabetes is among the leading causes of irreparable blindness all over the world. In the U.S., it is the most typical cause of blindness to individuals below the age of 65 years. Moreover, diabetic eye disease circumscribes extensive issues that can infect the eye. The diabetic disease known as retinopathy is the utmost cause of low vision and new blindness cases in adults between the ages 20 and 65 years.

Facts about Diabetes. There are facts that need to be understood in order to understand how diabetes affects so many people worldwide. According to Goncalves, Zanetti, Neia, and Vassimon (2017), it is over 415 million adults that have some form of diabetes, and 318 million adults are at high risk of developing this disease in the future due to their impaired glucose tolerance. As mentioned earlier, there different types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) which is known as juvenile diabetes disease, and it is brought on by insulin deficiency due to an immune attack on the beta-cells (Cantley & Ashcroft, 2015). The authors also informed readers that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the result of the body not being able to retrieve

Diabetics can develop a myriad of chronic complications. The health problems relating to diabetes are in the eyes, skin, urinary system, and heart. Glaucoma occurs when pressure builds up in the eye. In most cases this pressure causes drainage of the aqueous humor to slow down to the point that it builds up in the anterior chamber. This pressure pinches the blood vessels that carry blood to the retina and optic nerve, causing less oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to the needed areas in the eye. Vision is gradually lost because the retina and nerve are damaged (American Diabetes Association). "Treatment is usually medications. People with diabetes are sixty percent more likely to develop cataracts, defined as the clear lens of the eye clouding, and blocking light" (American Diabetes Association). A person may need to wear sunglasses more than usual, and use glare control lenses in his glasses. Retinopathy and glaucoma may also develop in people with diabetes. Retinopathy is the general

Diabetes affects an estimated 25.8 million Americans of all ages — over 8% of the population. The most common form is type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases in adults. Diabetes leads to excess glucose, a type of sugar, in the blood. Over time, high blood glucose damages nerves and blood vessels, leading to complications such as heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney disease, nerve problems, and amputation. (D.O.H.H , 2011)

Diabetic retinopathy is caused by blood sugar (glucose) levels that are too high for an extended period of time. High blood glucose causes damage to the small blood vessels of the retina, allowing blood to leak through the vessel walls. This causes difficulty seeing (visual impairment) and eventually blindness.

In England, a large-scale study of a screening population in Liverpool reported that the prevalence of any DR is 45.7% and 25.3% whereas the prevalence of proliferative DR is 3.7% and 0.5% for Type 1 and Type 2 respectively (Younis, Broadbent, Harding, & Vora, 2002). In the United States, the prevalence of any DR and sight threatening DR in all people with diabetes is estimated to be 28.5% and 4.4%, respectively (X. Zhang et al., 2010). The population-based Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) investigated the prevalence of DR in a population of 3654 people aged 49 and older among which 7% were people with diabetes of which 82 people (2.3%) showed some signs of DR. When the participants were divided into four age groups, below 60, between 60 to

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common medical problem in today’s world that causes a wide range of systemic complications. This has a substantial effect on the patient’s functioning in the society as the disease occurs in an individual’s most productive years.1 Patients with diabetes often develops ophthalmic complications such as cataract, glaucoma and distal neuropathies. However, diabetic retinopathy is the most common as well as the most blinding complications.2

Diabetic retinopathy will not be one thing that may be cured, nonetheless because of the most recent laser therapies this drawback might be introduced beneath management and the imaginative and prescient in an individual’s eye can enhance. Diabetic retinopathy will not be one thing that one ought to ignore. In extreme instances the retina may get broken to an extent that there may very well be everlasting imaginative and prescient loss. The earlier one opts in for surgical procedure the higher it’s since there is no such thing as a different means one can really management or deal with diabetic retinopathy.

(June 2011). Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes: 8 year follow-up study of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS). Diabetologia, 54, 2288–2294. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2199-0

In 2012, twenty-nine point one million Americans ten percent of the U.S. population has some form of diabetes (diabetes.org). Diabetes is a medical condition where there is too much sugar in the blood and over time is can cause organs to become damaged. There are two different types of diabetes there is type one which causes person to inject insulin directly to control blood sugar; the second type is type two diabetes which can be maintained by medication. Diabetes has a major effect on the lives of people everywhere, and the effect of diabetes on people has a huge impact on their lives.

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases, in which the person has high blood glucose, either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body 's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both ("Diabetes with Intranasal Light Therapy – (Mediclights Research Inc", 2016). People with diabetes are at risk for long-term problems affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, brain, feet, and nerves. The best way to prevent or delay these problems is to control your blood sugar and take good care of yourself. (Roxanne B. Sukol, Kristin Kirkpatrick, Scott Burg, Mark Hyman, & Brooke Gurland, 2012). These problems can be referred to as complications. Sometimes people with diabetes don 't realize that they have the disease until they begin

Retinopathy: it is closely associated with of diabetes, But the rare occurrence of the disease under the age of adolescence with type 1(18). Also, per studies conducted found that more than 60% of patients are suffering from a type of retinopathy after 20 age.