Type 2 Diabetes Summary

Your written answers to the questions below are to be available to be sighted by your lecturer (not submitted to the School Office) at the start of the tutorial session. To be recorded as attending the tutorial requires that the lecturer deems that the worksheet has been satisfactorily attempted.

Alcohol impairs judgment, memory, concentration and coordination, as well as inducing extreme mood swings and emotional

As a college student, alcohol is a very real and prevalent temptation. It is a normal occurrence for a Friday night to be filled with friends, a bonfire, and alcohol out on the lake. Unfortunately, not many students know the effects of alcohol on their brain. I took a personal interest in this subject because alcoholism runs deep in my family. I want to know what effects my personal consumption of alcohol have on my brain and how they will affect my life if I continue to drink or choose to stop.

The effects of diabetes are nothing less than devastating. It is a disease that is affected by interdependent genetic, social, economic, cultural, and historic factors (CDC, 2011a). In the United States, nearly 26 million Americans are living with diabetes, and another 79 million Americans have prediabetes (CDC, 2011a). Diabetes has been associated with reducing the quality of life of people with the disease, and it also has a tremendous economic burden on our health care system. In 2007, diabetes and its complication accounted for $218 billion in direct and indirect costs in 2007 alone (Dall, et al., 2010).

MAIN POINTS/FINDINGS: The authors first looked at the premature aging hypothesis and its association with alcoholism. They reported that most studies found that as an individual ages the harmful neurological effects of alcohol become more pronounced and the brain is more susceptible to permanent damage or greater reduction in size of the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. There is also an association between neuropsychological and psychomotor deficits in older alcoholics. In terms of gender the review found evidence episodic memory tasks were performed better on by women across all varying degrees of drinking habits (non, light, moderate, and heavy) than men. Men performed better on visuospatial tasks, but only in the non and light drinker groups. fMRI data looking at gender differences in alcohol-related brain impairment showed inconsistent results and the authors suggested that further research is necessary in this area of study. Results of twin, family, and adoption studies showed that there are genetic risk factors that influence susceptibility to alcoholism, while

Being overweight significantly increases the chances of developing a common type of diabetes, type 2 diabetes. In humans, type 2 diabetes is a relative insulin deficiency that causes the cells in the body to develop a resistance to insulin. Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreatic islet beta cells, helps move sugars into the cell that can later be used as fuel. The deficiency occurs when the functions of the beta cells are damaged. Insulin is unable to be detected because the insulin receptors are damaged from an overload of insulin already present in the pancreas. This causes the insulin to lose its ability to help clear the sugar from the body. A large amount of humans and felines are beginning to develop diabetes mellitus at a fast growing rate due to the body being unable to

Being overweight may result you in getting diabetes. This is because when you are overweight the cells in your body cannot use the insulin as effectively which is known as insulin resistance. Asa result, the pancreas put towards more effort to produce insulin and move the glucose into the cells. When it longer cannot the blood glucose level rises and the pancreas may eventually stop responding in the long run. This is why losing weight is important. By losing 7% to 10% of your weight the chance of being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is common and long-term. In the U.S., more than 29 million people suffer from this disease. Of these cases, 90-95% suffer from type 2 diabetes that usually occurs after age 40. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), one in four or 8 million people don’t know they have diabetes. In its early stages, type 2 diabetes symptoms develop slowly. Patients are unaware they have serious health problems.

Alcohol has been considered by many to be a powerful, and sometimes deadly, drug. It is often created during the breakdown process of sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide during the fermentation of fruits or grain. The consumption of this substance has been restricted by age in most countries, as it has been linked to the harm of the kidneys, brain, and other parts of the human body. Alcohol has been a large presence in the media for centuries, mainly due to its sometimes damaging effects on consumers. However, there are those who believe that consuming alcohol could actually prove to have health benefits as well. A study by Dutch scientists suggests that a low-to-moderate intake of alcohol could actually reduce the risk of dementia in elderly victims from age fifty-five and up.

(2014). Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD), Vol 26 (10): 1747-1749. Publisher Cambridge University Press. Retrieved CINAHL with full text database. http://web.ebscohost.datebase.

If a person begins heavy episodic drinking at the age of 12 the behavior increases to 50.5% by the age of 21 and 22 years old. Those of who attended college did not drink as much in adolescents but surpasses the non-college in overall alcohol use and shows a higher genetic influence. The cortical gray and white matter shows changes during normal development. There appears to be improvement in executive function in the frontal lobe, this includes improvement in the white matter connectivity between cortical and subcortical brain regions. The college-age drinker appears to overestimate the amount alcohol is in a standard drink. A biological consequence of heavy drinking includes deficits in memory retention. They used positive family history

Additional to the typologies of alcoholism given by Barbor, Leach, and Walter in 1996, at the same time there is also type one and type two alcoholism, which were developed by Cloninger, Bohman, and Sigvardsson in 1981 (Roman & Balldin, 2011, p 257). People who have type one alcoholism tend to have less social anxiety type two alcoholism. These issues show that type two alcoholics have much profounder ranger of problems than those of type one alcoholics

None of the categories in the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire are sufficient reasons to consume alcohol throughout the day; however, many individuals do look at the use of alcohol in the ways listed in the categories. As unfortunate as it is, there are many different reasons people pick up a drink but they all ultimately believe the alcohol will help whatever situation they are in. What those individuals fail to realize is how alcohol works against those problems. In questions 1-5 they view it as a transforming agent by making “the future seem brighter” but alcohol only does that by impairing the cerebral cortex of the brain and causes them to make careless choices because alcohol tells them everything will be okay. In

The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, which is an adult health study to investigate diabetes and cardiovascular disease, was used for this research. The researchers used 14,375 subjects between the ages of thirty five and seventy four years. The subjects were instructed to not drink alcohol twelve hours before the testing. According to the

In alcoholic beverage users, there was at least a ten percent decline. Significant neuropsychological deficits are