Type 2 Diabetes Teaching Plan Summary

Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed for proper storage and use of carbohydrates. Without it, blood sugar levels can become too high or too low, resulting in a diabetic emergency. It affects about 7.8% of the population. The incidence of diabetes is known to increase with age. It’s the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US, and is the primary cause of blindness and foot and leg amputation. It is known to cause neuropathy in up to 70% of diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

For the purpose of this paper it will provide an overview of ways that diabetes, type 2, can be prevented if a person is at risk for developing it. Although there has been little research that diabetes can always be prevented there are ways that a person can delay or improve their symptoms.

Although heredity plays an important role whether a person inherits diabetes and to what extent, it can be controlled through useful methods that are affordable. By changing environmental risk factors, people can reduce their risk of developing diabetes. Increasing awareness of diabetes which is a major setback for some socio-economical background and rural areas as not enough awareness is made to the general public. Identifying people at risk for the disease is also another

Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that is found in a variety of age groups around the world. This disease is growing at a rapid rate and it is impacting the health of this generation and future generations to come. Diabetes is a disease that impairs the body’s ability to produce or respond to the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. The insulin allows for the glucose to be effectively used as energy throughout the body. Diabetes causes carbohydrates to be abnormally digested, which can raise blood glucose levels. This means that the glucose is not being taken up by the cells that need it. The cells cannot take up the excess glucose that has accumulated in the blood, so it is excreted through the urine. This can lead to problems with the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and eyes because high blood glucose can damage the blood vessels of these organs. This diseased is managed by adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber, increasing physical activity, losing excess weight, and not smoking. If this

Diabetes is a prevalent health disparity among the Latino population. Diabetes is listed as the fifth leading cause of death among the Latino population in the website for Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, in 2009. According to McBean, “the 2001 prevalence among Hispanics was significantly higher than among blacks.” (2317) In other words among the Hispanic or Latino community, there is a higher occurrence of diabetes as compared to other racial/ethnic groups such as Blacks and Native Americans. The prevalence of diabetes among Latinos is attributed to the social determinants of health such as low socioeconomic status and level of education. Further, this becomes an important public health issue when it costs the

Diabetes has become an epidemic in today’s society. Diabetes affects almost every system in the body, and with an estimated 346 million people in the world with diabetes, healthcare has been heavily affected by the disease (Ramasamy, Shrivastava, P., & Shrivastava, S., 2013). One of the biggest issues for healthcare workers when it comes to diabetes, is that it is such a complicated disease. With so many different systems being affected, medical professionals have had to learn how the disease process works, what causes diabetes to work through the systems, and the best treatments to address all these issues. Through much research, the healthcare system has grown very knowledgeable on diabetes. One important aspect of treating diabetes has been in the introduction of diabetic education. In the past, nurses and dieticians had been responsible for educating patients on diabetes, but now that role is also extended to other people in the healthcare team, including the patient (Tomky, 2013). In fact, patients taking an active role in the education process, including learning to self-care has now become a priority in diabetes treatment. The following paper will discuss diabetic education, the importance of self-care and how this affects a patient’s compliance.

The Hispanic population is constantly growing and we have an estimated 13.7% of Hispanics making up the United States. “The annual percentage of patients with prediabetes in whom overt type 2 diabetes develops is about 5% in the general US population and may reach 15% in the Hispanic American population” (Idrogo & Mazze, 2004, para. 7). This a community health issue because of the percentage of Hispanic individuals that may end up with diabetes. These individuals need to be educated to help the promotion, protection, and maintenance of diabetes in this group. That is why I have created the intervention program for this ethnic group.

The incidence of diabetes is rising among the residents of California at alarming rates. Approximately 55% of the adults in California are estimated to have either diabetes or prediabetes according to the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research 2016 study on prediabetes (UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 2016). This is especially concerning for the Hispanic residents within the state as they make up the largest ethnic group in California, at more than 38% of the population (United States Census Bureau, 2015). As the total number of Hispanics in California raises so too has the number of Hispanics diagnosed with diabetes. This literature review explores some of the culture, traditions, and beliefs of the Hispanic population related to diabetes and the need for cultural and linguistic competence to improve health care delivery.

The burden of Type diabetes is much higher in ethnic minorities than for whites (CDC, 2011). Those of which include Latino and African American ethnicities. According to Lemon, Rosal, & Welch (2011), Latinos have a higher rate of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rates than Caucasian because of socioeconomic status, education, health beliefs, family/relationship, and gender role expectations. The majority of this literature review was women and most of which had less than 8 years of education, with the average income of less than $10,000 annually (Lemon, Rosal, & Welch, 2011). Both of these factors which contribute to the risk of prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes. Several factors including language, literacy, and culture and values all are important in addressing the risk factors in low-income Spanish speaking individuals’ quality of life and risk of chronic disease.

In the case of J.M. utilization of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) section titled Resources for Hispanic and Latino Americans, educators can find recipes and tools that assist in the panning of education. For example in tune with J.M. the section, Movimiento Por Su Vida Music Video (Movement for Your Life) provides a wonderful opportunity to acknowledge not only cultural importance, but J.M. previously enjoyed exercise of dance. In addition for her children at risk for diabetes, the video promotes increased physical activity to prevent the development of diabetes. Additional information located on the CDC (2017) site geared for the Hispanic and Latino community include: Tasty Recipes for People with Diabetes and Their Families, which teaches Hispanics and Latinos about healthy eating while maintaining the cultural uniqueness of Hispanic/Latino food favorites. 4 Steps to Manage Your Diabetes for Life, help people with diabetes understand, monitor, and manage their diabetes to help them stay healthy. Tips to Help You Stay Healthy with Diabetes, is a reproducible tip sheet to help manage your diabetes and supports an active life long approach to diabetes management. Most importantly, when educators utilize and approach which allows three fundamental aspect of chronic illness care: choices, control and consequences, patients have a greater understanding for the impact of self-care behaviors upon outcomes (Funnel & Anderson). Actions steps which may prove useful for patients diagnosed with diabetes experiencing comorbidities and complications reflect upon past, present and future behavior change protocol which consist of 1. Explore the problem or issue (past), 2. Clarify feelings and meaning (present), 3. Develop a plan (future), 4.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease where patient education is imperative and requires education that surpasses the primary care office. According to Cha et al. (2012) basic education and family involvement is an essential component for pre-diabetic and diabetic population to achieve glycemic control. Time management and time constraint are obstacles that are affecting the primary care provider in initiating health promotion topics and disease prevention information (Kowinsky, Greenhouse, Zombek, Rader & Reidy, 2009). Recognizing the time constraint at the EBP change project site for health promotion and patient education a culturally sensitive educational program would be created to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors targeting African Americans with prediabetes.

My teaching on primary prevention of type II diabetes adheres to HP2020 objectives D-1 to D-16 on diabetes, specifically objective D-1 that deals with reducing the annual number of new cases of diagnosed diabetes in the population. (Target is a 10% improvement from the baseline of 8.0 new cases of diabetes per 1,000 population aged 18 to 84 years occurred in the past 12 months to the target of 7.2 new cases per 1,000 population aged 18 to 84 years). Education on the preventive measures needed to be taken by an at-risk population tackles this issue of reducing the annual number of cases.

Annual testing for abnormalities in fasting serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and calculated LDL cholesterol levels (ADA, 2008)

Before you begin your teaching plan be sure to define the characteristics of the clinical site and patient population. The teaching plan should be customized to this population. This is a sample teaching plan that you can use and customize to your needs. You may want to design a pre-test and post-test to give your patients would are attending the teaching program.

Diabetes is a major problem in our society today. Many people have heard about the disease; however, they do not know too much about its complications. Diabetes is a chronic, progressive and lifelong condition that affects the body’s ability to use the energy found in food (WebMD, 2016). Many new cases are confirmed every year and unfortunately, many go undiagnosed for years. Diabetes is a serious disease and need to be taking seriously. The disease can lead to many other health problems such as blindness, nerve damage and kidney diseases. The more the community understand and made aware of the seriousness of the disease, the better it can be control and or prevented.