Type 2 Diabetic Research Summary

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, type 2 (DM II) is grossly affecting people worldwide. 24 million individuals in the United States were diagnosed with DM II in 2011 (Hunt, C. W., Grant, J. S., & Appel, S. J., 2011). 109.6 million DM II cases were reported in China in 2015, with an expected 36% increase by 2040 (Browning, C., Chapman, A., Yang, H., Liu, S., Zhang, T., Enticott, J. C., & Thomas, S. A., 2016). The incidence of DM II is also expected to increase by 190% in Omani people over the next 20 years (D’Souza, M. S., Karkada, S. N., Venkatesaperumal R., & Natarajan J., 2015).

Diabetes is a disease affects many different systems of the body. It can be a devastating disease and with the increasing numbers of people with the disease it is crucial that research in done to help prevent and control the disease. Along with the increase number of patients diagnosed with diabetes type 2 comings with the high cost of the disease. The complications and increasing cost of diabetes has drawn attention to the need for its prevention and its complications. With exercise and diet studies have shown that a diabetes type 2 diagnoses can be prevented or prolonged. Along with exercise to has been shown that nutrition plays a role in managing the prevention of diabetes. Also in the study conducted by the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group that was shown that with people who took metformin before being diagnosed with diabetes had a lower change of developed type 2 diabetes. In conclusion through it is shown that maintaining a health diet, and exercising diabetes type 2 can possibly be prevented and with further research there may be a cure

According to Zimmet (2001), about 150 million people in the world have been suffering with diabetes and it would be 300 million by 2025. Another interesting study by AusDiab in 2000 revelead that 7.4% of the population aged 25 or over had diabetes (type 2 in 90%) Since 1981, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased to twice in and the total number of cases has increased threefold in Australia (Dunstain 2002).Although type 2 diabetes is effecting all races,it was identified highly in south Asians and also worlds one-third diabetic population is from indian continent ( Jean 2008). According to the report from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in United states of America, nearly 25.8 million people have been affected by diabetes in 2010 with 90- 95% of them being type 2 DM (CDC 2011). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus which is characterized by the deficiency and resistance of the

This article goes in detail about the complications of Type 2 Diabetes, on how hyperglycemia damages the vascular system leading to microvascular disease and macrovascular disease. The complications of microvascular disease are diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. On the other hand, with macrovascular disease includes Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD), such as Atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the article gives recommendations of treating Type 2 Diabetes and the prevention of its health related complications with medication, screening, diet, and exercise.

In the United States People 65 years or older has diabetes, and the aging in general population is significant for diabetes become epidemic, diabetes not limited to impact the elderly from working also has the highest mortality rate. In addition elderly with diabetes has hither risk for chronic heart disease and kidney disease (Sure Kirkman, 2012). The number of cases of diabetes type 2 in the United States increase with the increase of age. In 2007 and 2008 national survey data showed “diabetes was 18% higher among Asian Americans, 66% higher among Hispanics, and 77% higher

In order to examine whether metformin use affects the glycemic control of people undergoing exercise therapy, Boule et al (2013) conducted a supervised Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (DARE) trial. A total of 258 type II diabetic adults between 39 and 70 years of age were eligible to participate in the trial. Based on age and sex, 251 subjects who completed a four-week exercise trial were randomly assigned to four groups: aerobic, resistance, aerobic and resistance, and control. The exercise trial was conducted for six months and metformin use was assessed three times during the trial. Throughout the study, 143 subjects reported using metformin, 82 reported not using metformin and 26 were inconsistent with their metformin use. The results were obtained by measuring HbA1c, which showed that metformin did not have a significant impact on HbA1c resulting from the exercise trial (Boule et al., 2013).

These types of statistics, portraying the growth of diabetes diagnoses, have driven researchers and physicians to find diets, medications, and preventive measures for the disease. In reviewing the medications that are used to treat diabetes, their sometimes-severe complications should be noted. What’s more, none of them speak to the actual, principal source of developing diabetes. Therefore, research on preventive measures and diets have become popular.

Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin. Retrieved from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa012512

Type 2 diabetes is emerging as a serious health challenge and has become a major global health crisis. This is especially true in the case of developing countries like India, where a combination of rapid urbanization, increasing sedentary lifestyles and a switch in nutrition has made it the centre of this epidemic. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest number of people with diabetes mellitus. According to Wild et al.3 the prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India. With stakes so high, India faces an uncertain future in regards to the burden of the disease. With identification of factors controlling diabetes and with adequate research into preventative care there may be some hope.

Diabetes is a chronic disease which is becoming a growing health concern in adults in the United States with more than 29 million Americans living with diagnosed diabetes and 86 million living with pre-diabetes. According to American Diabetes Association, diabetes is considered as a 7th leading cause of death in the United States and is projected to increase from 14% to 33% by 2050. The incidence of diabetes is expected to rise considerably worldwide with the most increase seen in type 2 diabetes caused due to many predisposing conditions and risk factors such as genetics and family history. This rising prevalence of diabetes is demanding various government and private agencies to implement programs and initiatives to reduce the occurrence of diabetes not only in adults but in children and adolescents.

Diabetes type 2 is a well-known disorder in America. It’s becoming one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and death worldwide. At Florida Hospital Diabetes and Translational Research Institute, Pratley (2013) stated that the prevalence of diabetes will continue to grow. It’s been estimated that by 2030 approximately 552 million adults will be affected mostly due to the growing of diabetes in developing countries. In the US alone, the number of people suffering from diabetes has drastically increased in the last 20 years because of the population being overweight or obese (Pratley, 2013). Those who are older in age, obese, have a family history of diabetes and lack of exercise have a higher chance of having it. The sooner people find

“In 2010, an estimated 25.8 million people in the United States had diabetes mellitus, of which approximately 1 million have type 1 diabetes and most of the rest have type 2 diabetes ” (Papadakis et al., 2014) That means that in 2010 about 24.8 million people suffered from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees or peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan, 2011). Type II diabetes has become more prevalent in the United States due to the decrease in physical activity, the increase in obesity rates, and also the predisposition of genetic factors. In this paper I am going to cover description of history and the disease, etiology, signs and

“Worldwide, more than 284 million people have diabetes, and this number is expected to reach 439 million by 2030” (Liebl, Khunti, Orozco-Beltran and Yale, 2015, p. 13). There are several types of diabetes present throughout the population (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research [MFMER], 2016). “Type 2 diabetes, once known as adult-onset or noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), your body 's important source of fuel” (MFMER, 2016). There is a debate about whether or not Type 2 diabetics would benefit from insulin sooner (Liebl, Khunti, Orozco-Beltran and Yale, 2015). When considering diabetes management there are several things to consider, for instance the cost of medication regimens, diabetes complications, and education on self-management (Liebl, Khunti, Orozco-Beltran and Yale, 2015).

Diabetes is rapidly emerging as a major health care problem in India, especially in urban areas. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been steadily

Peer review final project, Group 10 - Diabetic Retinopathy presentation group, 1- Maryam Kaleem – My rating for Maryam Kaleem is: [4]. 2- Aleksandra Yosifova – My rating for Aleksandra Yosifova is: [4].