Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus. “In 2010, An Estimated 25.8

Type II Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes or aadult onset diabetes. It is a medical disorder that, due to a number of factors codependent with the modern world, is characterized by higher than normal blood glucose levels that play havoc with insulin deficiency and resistance. Insulin resistance means that cells do not respond appropriately when there is free insulin in the blood system. Essentially, they body is reacting to an improper balance of sugars and insulin. Because obesity is often present, research suggests that even thought the mechanisms controling glucose and insulin are unclear, the adopose tissue likely

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2012). T2D is so prevalent that it is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of death worldwide (Yates, Jarvis, Troughton, and JaneDavies, 2009, p. 1). T2D manifests when the body is unable to metabolize glucose properly, resulting in elevated blood sugar, debilitating fatigue, and other serious complications such as distal limb amputations, kidney failure, and blindness. The generally accepted causes of T2D include diet, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity.

The increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is causing huge health problem through out the world including developed countries. Mostly people with low income groups are affected in developed countries (Zimmet 2001).The magnitude of the healthcare problem of type 2 diabetes results mainly from its association with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Indeed, type 2 diabetes has now been identified as one manifestation of the “metabolic syndrome”, a condition characterised by insulin resistance and associated with a range of cardiovascular factors (Jonathan 2003)

Diabetes is a growing concern and health challenge for the American people (b). Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot react to insulin appropriately or either cannot produce insulin efficiently (w). “Without a properly functioning insulin signaling system, blood glucose levels become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities occur, leading to the development of serious, disabling complications” (w). There are numerous forms of diabetes amongst the nation, however, there are three main forms of diabetes. Most people have heard of type one diabetes, type two diabetes, and gestational diabetes because they are common. Type two diabetes deals with a resistance to insulin, while

Today “more than 29 million Americans are living with diabetes” (cdc.gov) this means that about 9 percent of the population in the United States is currently living with diabetes. There are two different subcategories of diabetes, type 1 diabetes which is mostly common in young children and adolescents and type 2 diabetes also known as adult onset diabetes, which is mostly found in adults, however is on the rise in children. “Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes, and type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5%.” (Santos-Longhurst, Adrian. "Type 2 Diabetes Statistics”.)

Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, (2013). Although diabetes may run in the family, the risk is greatly increased when associated with lifestyle factors such as not enough physical activity, unhealthy diet, high blood pressure, over weight and obesity and extra body weight that is carried around the waste (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, 2013). All these cause the body to be unable to make enough insulin. If beta cells don’t produce enough insulin, or the body doesn’t respond to the insulin that is present, glucose builds up in the blood instead of being absorbed by cells in the body, leading to diabetes (Shuldiner, 2014).

Type 2 Diabetes is a prevalent and growing epidemic in South Texas, according to the American Diabetes Association. It is the community’s duty and obligation to recognize the problems and risk factors that attribute to Type 2 Diabetes, so that further generations can avoid these lifestyle habits. Type 2 Diabetes is an insulin deficiency disease that occurs in people aged 40 or older, and is much more common than Type 1 Diabetes because it can be acquired genetically, but it is more commonly a progressive disease based on the individual’s unhealthy lifestyle, which is why adolescents are still at risk to contract Type 2 Diabetes. When a person has Type 2 Diabetes, they may suffer from insulin resistance. The insulin levels in their body are too low, or the cells in a person’s body do not respond properlyto the correct amount of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that strictly regulates the use and amount of glucose (sugar) levels in an individual’s blood. Sugar must be stored for the future or used as energy by the body. Without insulin regulating an individual’s blood sugar level, a person may become hyperglycemic, with too high of a

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting the body’s ability to take up glucose into the tissues. There are two main classifications; Type 1 is known as insulin dependent, meaning that the patient’s body no longer produces insulin to help in the uptake of glucose. Type 2 is known as non-insulin dependent, these patients usually have two problems; insulin resistance, the insulin they produce does not work properly and β-cell impairment, their body does not produce enough insulin.2 In 2008 a study showed that of 24 million patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in the United States, 40% of them were 65 years of age or older.1

Type 2 DM is the most common type of diabetes, 90-95% patients have Type 2 DM. In Type 2 DM, the production of insulin isn’t lot, but rather the insulin production is insufficient/poorly utilized by the tissues (or both). In other words, endogenous insulin is present. Type 2 DM is linked to increasing age, obesity/being overweight, and family history of the disorder. In Type 2 DM, there are contributing factors to development: insulin resistance, decreased ability of the pancreas to produce insulin, inappropriate glucose production by the liver, and altered production of hormones and cytokines by adipose tissue (adipokines).

In humans, diabetes mellitus is one of the oldest disease. Diabetes is a disease in which the body is unable to produce and respond to the insulin hormone properly which causes an elevated blood glucose level and increased glucose level in urine. About 3000 years ago, it was first found in Egyptian manuscript. The difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was made in 1936. The main focus in on type 2 diabetes mellitus. The type 2 diabetes mellitus can be because of many factors including insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency or it can be by both. It can be genetic and also because of environmental and behavioral risk factors including physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, generous consumption of alcohol and smoking. Obesity is found to be the main contributor in approximately 55% cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more common than the type 1.

T2D is the most common type of diabetes where the body does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels or the insulin produced does not work effectively. According to AHA (2015), “diabetes contributes to over 230,000 U.S deaths per year” (p.1), however, many people are not aware they have the disease as it usually develops slowly over time and may already have developed health complications associated with T2D. There are non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for T2D.

Issue Background: Type II Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes or adult onset diabetes. It is a medical disorder that, due to a number of factors codependent with the modern world, is characterized by higher than normal blood glucose levels that play havoc with insulin deficiency and resistance. There is no cure, per se, for the disease, although if managed through exercise and diet it usually diminishes (American Diabetes Association, 2009).

Diabetes can occur in the body from either a natural state or an environmental factor. The natural occurrence of either Type I or II is common in many Americans with Type II being more commonly and easily associated with genetic mutations [4]. This metabolic disorder of inadequate identification of Insulin by the body causes the blood sugar to rise, and this is turn is know as the disease Diabetes. Type I diabetes can also be tied to genetic insufficiencies, but is more commonly associated with environmental factors that include lifestyle choices. This association with a person’s diet is most

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and is increasingly becoming a worldwide health issue nowadays. There were about 422 million adults living with diabetes in the world in 2014. The global prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled since 1980, rising from 4.7% to 8.5% in the adult population (1). It is estimated that between 2010 and 2030, the number of people with diabetes will increase by 69% and 20% respectively in developing countries and developed countries (2). The majority of people with diabetes are affected by type 2 diabetes (1). WHO estimates that by 2025 as many as 200–300 million people worldwide will have developed type 2 diabetes (3).

Prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the Adult of JAZAN by Demographic characteristics, BMI and Settlement type.