Types Of Blood Groups That Humans Have A, B, Ab, And O

There are four blood types found in humans. These are A blood type which has the genotype either AA or AO, B blood type which has the genotype either BB or BO, AB blood type which has the genotype AB, and O blood type which has the genotype OO. These genotypes show a combination of complete dominance and codominance. A and B traits are dominant to the recessive O trait, however, the A trait is codominant to the B trait. Each blood type codes for certain antigens. A blood codes for the A surface antigen, B blood codes for the B surface antigen, AB blood codes for both the A and B surface antigen, and O blood does not code for a surface antigen. Therefore to determine one’s blood type a test can be performed

Blood typing is one of the tests that will determine a person’s blood type. Although, all blood is made of the same basic elements but they are not same by their blood typing. In fact, there are eight different common blood types. Based on certain substances of antigen presence or absence and Rh factors we will able to identify the person blood types. Those substances can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. Blood typing is important when you need a blood transfusion or planning to have an organ transplant. As we know not all blood types are compatible due to their antigen and antibodies they have. Since some antigens can react with person immune system to attack the donor blood, It is very important to know the person’s blood typing and cross-matching to ensure that your body doesn’t make antibodies to attack the donor blood or organ. Blood typing is especially important to pregnant mothers when the mother is Rh- and the father has Rh+ and a child born with Rh positive. So, it is important to be an early cautious in order to avoid reactive consequences. In the medical sector small mistake can take patient life. In this lab experiment though using the anti A serum, anti B serum, and anti Rh serum, we were able to identify the blood types of each sample that we had.

Erythroblastosis fetalis, also called hemolytic disease of the newborn, hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, is a blood disorder that the fetus or newborn’s red blood cells (RBCs) are being agglutinated by antibodies which are produced by the mother.

Type AB: The genotype is AB. The antigens on the blood cell are A and B. There are no A or B antibodies in the blood plasma.

The previous table presents the results my laboratory group and I recorder from the blood analysis. For sample 1, the synthetic blood only agglutination was observed when exposed to antibodies A. For sample 2, the synthetic blood agglutination was observed when exposed to antibodies A and Rh factor. For sample 3, the synthetic blood agglutination was observed only when exposed to Rh antibodies.

13. Know the ABO and Rh typing system: what antigens are expressed, how one tests for the antigens, and the significance in transfusions, etc.

The goal of this experiment is to determine the blood types of the samples given and to learn what interactions occurred to each blood type. Determining an individual’s blood type and how it reacts with Anti A, Anti-B, and Anti Rh serums played a crucial part in this experiment. The researcher concluded that agglutination (clumping) occurred in some of the blood samples. For example, Mr. Smith’s blood reacted with Anti-A and Anti-Rh serums (antibodies) allowing the researcher to determine the blood type is A. Mr. Jones’s blood reacted with Anti-B serum but it did not react to Anti-A or Anti Rh allowing the researcher to believe that the blood type is B. Mr. Green’s blood reacted with all serums and caused a reaction to occur resulting the blood type to be AB positive. Mr. Green’s blood also had a positive marker for Rh factor. However, Ms. Brown’s blood had no reaction at all and the researcher determined if no reaction occurred then the sample had no antigens but proved to have some antibodies, resulting in blood type to be O. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whose blood has type A, B, AB, or O.

Some blood disorders can be prevented while there are others that are out of a person’s hands and have to live with a blood disorder for a life time. It is essential to know the causes of hereditary disease and know how to treat them. It is also important to know what can be done to “cure” other blood disorders and what preventive measures need to be taken in order to stop history from repeating itself. Iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia, and purpura simplex are just a few blood disorders that people suffer from that are either inherited or can be prevented.

In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent ( – ). In general, Rh negative blood is given to Rh-negative patients, and Rh positive blood or Rh negative blood may be given to Rh positive patients.

In 1910 Dr. James B. Herrick published a paper identifying an abnormal shape of RBCs. He took care of a young dental student by the name of Walter Clement Noel; he was admitted into the hospital for episodes of pain and anemia like symptoms. Samples of his blood were

To determine the blood type of each member, we placed two drops of the same blood into a single tray and used a new tray with new blood for each member. Once placing anti-a serum on Mr. Thomas’s blood sample, we mixed

The blood grouping systems commonly used include the ABO system that was first described by Karl Landsteiner. The discovery of blood grouping systems helped to avoid unnecessary death emanating from blood transfusion. The basics of blood grouping systems lie behind the inheritance of genes. The possession and inheritance of blood groups attribute to the parents who combine alleles responsible for the blood groups. The parents thus play a pivotal role in determining the blood groups of the offspring. This paper will work towards the discussion of inheritance of human blood groups.

It has been observed in patients with rare alterations of b-thalassemias, such as deletions, resulting in a continuous expression of the fetal hemoglobin, which has led in these patients the ability to overcome the usual clinical manifestations of this syndrome. (4-7) After these initial observations, it was later discovered that insufficient production of b-globin chain in infants with B-thalassemia can be compensated by incrementing the production of the B-like globin, g-globin. The g-globin can pair up with the a-gobin chains to form HbF. This increased fetal hemoglobin can provide a balanced recovery caused by the deficiency in adult hemoglobin that leads to inefficient erythropoiesis, elevated hemolysis, and a decreased survival of red blood cells. (4) With this in mind, new studies have been focused in examining the mechanisms that precede natural higher levels of

Hepatitis C is another disorder which affects red blood cells, it can be treated with a combination of various medications which will help stop the virus from spreading and multiplying inside the body, without these medications the virus can get worse and cause severe problems. The combination medication has to be taken over numerous months on a daily basis, most patients are given two medications these called PEGylated interferon which has to be injected weekly and the other one is called Ribavirin which is a tablet form. Also there are newer

Dictionary.com defines a comma as, ¨A mark of punctuation used to indicate a division in a sentence, as in setting off a word, phrase, or clause, to separate items on a list, to mark off thousands in numerals, to separate types or levels of information in bibliographic and other data, and, in Europe, as a decimal point.¨ A comma is not only used as a punctuation, but it is also used in Science. In Science class, we learn that we all have specific blood types, which are determined by what blood type your parents have. Well, my mom has blood type exclamation mark and my dad blood type period. If you use your imagination, those two combined will produce a comma. However, not only does this ¨scientific¨ explanation prove who I am today, being organized,