M1
There are two types of cells; Prokaryote and Eukaryote. They have many differences including their structures and functions. The main difference being that a Eukaryote cell has an organised nucleus with a nuclear envelope, whereas a prokaryote cell does not have a nucleus at all.
Eukaryotes are much more complex than a prokaryote cell. They have multiple organelles with many different functions. Eukaryotic cells are bigger in size than Prokaryotic cells. Some examples of eukaryotic cells are: animals, plants, fungi etc. Most eukaryotic cells are multi-cellular. All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, genetic material, a plasma membrane, ribosomes and a cytoplasm. They also have membrane-bound structures called organelles.
Eukaryotic
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Cytoplasm This is a gel-like substance that contains mostly water as well as nutrients, enzymes, wastes and gases. They carry out functions for growth, metabolism and replication. Contains cell structures e.g. ribosomes.
Nucleus This is where the genetic information is contained in the form of chromatin. It controls the cell’s growth and reproduction making it the most prominent organelle in a cell. The nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. The membrane has pores to allow substances into and out of the nucleus.
Nucleolus This is a dense region of the nucleus where RNA is made as well as Ribosomes. It has no membrane, it sits in the nucleus. The primary function is to assemble ribosomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum that differ in both structure and function; Rough and Smooth. Both endoplasmic reticulum consist of flattened membrane bound sacs called cisternae. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes. The Rough ER has the job of transporting proteins that were made on the attached ribosomes. Whereas the Smooth ER is where lipid synthesis takes place. (Kennedy, 2008)
Golgi apparatus It has a structure of flattened membranous sacs. The proteins made at ribosomes are modified and packaged into vesicles. It modifies proteins. It then takes the molecules and
[4] – Frank Schluenzen et al, Structure of Functionally Active Small Ribosomal Subunit at 3.3A Resolution
The fluid surrounding the cells called tissue fluid are bother watery environment. Also, it’s the outside of any large cell. The function is to protect the cells from the surroundings. It also allows things to enter in and out of the cell this will maintain the support of cell and shape. Nucleus
According to Mattias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann the cell is the basic unit of life(Cell Theory- OI). Two common types of cells are the plant and animal cells. Although both kinds of cells share many similar, abundant structures, they also have varying descrepancies from cell to cell. Without a doubt, the nucleus is the most important organelle in the plant cell, even though, the lysosome is the most important structure in the animal cell.
One of the main manufacturing facilities within a cell. Consists of rough ER and smooth ER, they are physically connected but differ in structure. Consist of membrane-enclosed tubes and sacs within the cytoplasm. Rough ER, named for the ribosomes attached to its surface, make membrane and secretory proteins. One function of rough ER is to produce new membrane. Some products by rough ER are dispatched to other locations by transport vesicles.
Nucleus – The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell. It acts as the control system for almost all the activities of the cell. It stores the cell 's hereditary material, or DNA
The main function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum is to produce, store and transport proteins and lipid to most of the cell organelles. The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a large organelle that looks like sheets of folded membranes.
Nearly all animal cells have a nucleus, with the only exception being the red blood cell. The nucleus has two major functions, which are housing the DNA and controlling the cell’s activities. In the centre of the nucleus is the nucleolus. This doesn’t have a membrane, but holds itself together. In the nucleolus, ribosomes are created through the mixture of RNA and proteins. These proteins are originally found in the cytoplasm, outside the nucleus, but they travel through the pores in the nuclear envelope, through the chromatin and into the nucleolus. The structure of the nucleolus allows easy
They are very important in the synthesis and packaging of proteins. Some of those proteins might be used in the cell and some are sent out. The ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the ER. As the ribosomes builds the amino acid chain, the chain is pushed into the ER. When the protein is complete, the rough ER pinches off a vesicle. That vesicle, a small membrane bubble, can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus
Breaking down an organism leads scientists to identify cells. A group of cells create tissues, tissues combined are organs, and organs and their functions make up systems. Basically, cells make up living organisms. There are 2 kinds of cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic. Within a prokaryotic, it doesn’t contain a DNA bounded nucleus; however, a eukaryotic cell does. Though the prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell, they share a cell membrane. The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins, which makes it selectively permeable. It is located outside of the cytoplasm and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Its basic function is to protect the cell from its surroundings by selecting what can enter and exit the cell.
Inside the nucleus is the nucleolus which produces ribosomes. The ribosomes then transport out of the nucleolus and to the rough endoplasmic reticulum for a process called protein synthesis. (Plant Cell Anatomy, n.d.)
A third structure contained in all three types of cells is the ribosome. Ribosomes are spherical in shape and are made up of RNA and protein. They are often found on the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are important in the manufacturing of proteins and are the site at
Next, SMS and cells have “ribosomes.” The function of the ribosome is to make proteins for the cell. The school has several cooks. They make food (and proteins) for students.
P1 – Describe the microstructure of a typical animal cell and the functions of the main cell components. A typical animal cell is seen as a tiny, three dimensional sac which is in fact made up of many components, each as important as the other. The microstructure of an animal cell was in fact uncovered mainly through the use of both cell fractionation and electron microscopy. Each main component has its own, individual function which helps a cell to function and maintains the cell membrane. The components that I will be describing include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi bodies, centrioles, endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth and rough) and ribosomes.
The cytoplasm is the area between the nucleus and the cell membrane. The cytoplasm contains many important structures. This area is basically the main place where you will find structures that help the cells stay alive.
The nucleus in eukaryotic cells contains the DNA in linear chromosomes and is bounded by a nuclear membrane, but since