Types Of Dementia For Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Ateriopathy

Josephs, K.A., (2008). Frontotemporal dementia and related disorders: Deciphering the enigma. Annals Of Neurology [serial online]. July 2008; 64(1): 4-14. Retrieved 7/5/2015 from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.utas.edu.au/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=dfeca149-610b-4406b299b5969309beb8%40sessionmgr198hid=117bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=c8h&AN=2010001272

There are many different forms of dementia and each has its own cause. Some of the main type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common form of dementia affecting 50%-70% of dementia patients (Alzheimer's australia, 2005). This is a degenerative illness which attacks the brain, this is achieved buy tangles which are in the middle of shrunken brain cells and plaques which eventually cause the brain cells to die meaning information can no longer be recalled or assimilated. There are also other types of dementia which include vascular dementia which is caused by circulation of the blood to the brain, Parkinson’s disease which is a disorder of the

The person may become confused when handling money and undergo personality changes, appearing to no longer care about those around them. Swings are common and the person may become tearful for no apparent reason, or become convinced that someone is trying to harm them.In advanced cases people may also adopt unsettling behaviour like getting up in the middle of the night or wander off and become lost. Some people lose their inhibitions and sense of what is acceptable behaviour, undress in public or make inappropriate sexual advances. The person may become incontinent, have difficulty eating and drinking and may become completely dependent on others.2. Symptoms usually develop suddenly and progress in a step like way where a sudden worsening is followed by a period of stabilisation. Common symptoms include poor concentration and difficulties with communication. memory loss may also lead to confusion.As vascular dementia does not affect all of the brain, the individual may be able to retain more of their abilities and memory loss may not appear until later in the progression of the disease. This means that the individual may be more aware of their deteriorating health and may therefore be more at risk of depression.3. Dementia with Lewy Bodies is a

Vascular dementia is the first form of dementia, which is caused by damage to the brain through deprivation of oxygenated blood. If areas of the brain are not getting oxygen then part of it will die causing the vascular dementia.

Alzheimer’s Disease is a form of dementia affecting more than one third of those over ninety-five years old. Its effects vary per person and become systematically more extreme as time wears on. Alzheimer’s is currently incurable and impossible to slow, destroying neurons and brain tissue, resulting in loss of memory, judgment, awareness, communication, behavior and capacity for emotion. Changes in personality and loss of initiative are also common symptoms of Alzheimer’s.

Lewy bodies develop gradually and gets more severe over the years, symptoms include memory loss, visual hallucinations, delusions, muscle stiffness. 3.3 Outline the risk factor's for the most common causes of dementia The risk factor's for Alzeheimers is age, family history and genes Vascular dementia is increasing age, history of heart attacks, strokes or mini strokes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes Lewy bodies is advanced age, it appears to affect more men than women, having a family member who's had it and a unhealthy lifestyle 3.4 Identify prevalence rates for different types of dementia The established prevalence rates for different types of dementia are 40-64yrs 1 in 1400 65-69yrs 1 in 100 70-79yrs 1 in 25 80+ 1 in 6 4. Understand factors relating to an individuals experience of dementia 4.1 Describe how different individuals may experience living with dementia depending on age, type of dementia, and level of ability and disability Depending on the form of dementia people's ability and disability will be different. People with

Alzheimer 's disease causes 50% to 60% of all cases of dementia (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). In addition, researchers have found that two other nervous system conditions, Lewy body disease and Pick 's disease, which were originally incorrectly diagnosed as Alzheimer 's, are emerging as major causes of dementia (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). Dementia is considered a late-life disease because it tends to develop mostly in elderly people; as many as half of all people over the age of eighty are suspected of suffering from Alzheimer 's disease (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke).

For most people the onset of Alzheimers disease is gradual and the progression slow and regular. Symptoms will gradually become more severe over time due to increased damage within brain cells. Vascular Dementia The most common form of Vascular dementia is multi-infarct dementia which follows a series of strokes, or infarcts, when a loss of blood flow damages specific areas of the brain. The stroke may be ‘silent’, being so small as to pass unnoticed. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, this disrupts the normal workings of the brain and over time, will lead to death of brain cells. This can be caused by weakening, splitting, hardening or clotting within blood vessels, which in turn, can cause mini strokes within the brain. However, not everyone who has a stroke will go on to develop dementia.

Pick's disease is a form of dementia characterized by a progressive and irreversible deterioration of social skills and changes in personality, along with impairment of intellect, memory, and language. In 1892 Arnold Pick, a German neurologist studied a patient who in his life had dementia and lost of speech. When the patient died, his brain shrunk, with the brain cells having died (atrophied) in the specific areas of the brain. In Pick’s disease, the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain are most affected. Changes occur in the cerebral cortex (which is how the frontal lobe is affected.) Pick's disease affects the temporal lobes of the brain in 25%, frontal lobes in 25% and both frontal and temporal lobes in 50% of

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a type of dementia that shares symptoms with both Alzheimer 's disease and Parkinson 's disease. It may account for around 10 per cent of all cases of dementia (Alzheimer’s Society, 2016). Lewy refers to the inflammation or neuro-inflammation of the brain (Surendranathan et al, 2015). Both Parkinson 's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies are age-related diseases, although onset before age 65 years is not uncommon and both diseases are more common in men than in women (Walker et al, 2015).

Throughout this line of study, Alzheimer’s disease is a specific form of dementia. According to Alzheimer’s Association, dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability that is severe enough to hinder daily life. Memory loss is a symptom of dementia and the most common type of dementia is Alzheimer’s. One of the most common and severe symptom of Alzheimer’s is difficulty remembering newly learned information. The changes of Alzheimer’s normally begin in the part of the brain that affects learning (Overview Alzheimer's Association). Some other symptoms of Alzheimer’s include gradual memory loss, the decline in capability to carry out everyday tasks and the loss of their language skills. According to Bialystok the rate of

Cerebrovascular disease, also known as vascular dementia, is the second to most common form of dementia. It is characterized by blood vessels changing over time in the cerebrum (brain). The most common reason for vascular dementia is due to aging of the body; but it is also tied to cholesterol and the state of the walls of the blood vessels. Too much cholesterol and overall poor health of blood vessels can cause a thickness in the lining of the vessel walls, therefore cutting off some of the blood flow to the brain.

Frontotemporal Dementia describes a clinical syndrome associated with the shrinking of the frontal and temporal anterior lobes of the brain. A shorten way the say Frontotemporal Dementia is FTD. Another name for FTD is Pick’s disease. Usually the cause is unknown. No treatment has been shown to slow FTD. There is no cure for Frontotemporal Dementia. Early signs of FTD or apathy or unwillingness to talk, change in personality and mood, such as depression. FTD can not be prevented.

VD is the second most common type of dementia; consisting of 10 to 30 percent and it is due to dead nerve cells in infected vessels. This is often caused by transient ischemic attacks (Miller, 2009). The two widely known forms of vascular dementia is Multi-infarct dementia (MD) and Binswanger’s disease (BD) also known as sub cortical vascular dementia. MD is a result of Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA) that harms the cortex of the brain which is involved with memory. BD is related to stroke and high blood pressure and affects the “white matter” in the brain causing movement difficulties and emotional imbalances (Alzheimer’s Association, 2011). Late adulthood, diabetes mellitus, recurrent strokes and low education are common risk factors of VD however there are preventive measures like smoking, diabetes and sedentary lifestyle (Miller, 2009).

Most patients diagnosed with Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s live approximately ten years but there are very few that have lived for 20 years (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Major or mild Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s has brief plateaus from severe dementia to death. The process starts with the status of mild Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s and progressively declines until it reaches the major Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s status (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Early onset symptoms of this disease usually is causative mutations that are usually found in the fifth and sixth decades (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Regular onset symptoms are usually found in the eighth and ninth decades (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The last stages of Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s has the individual mute and bedbound. If there are no other medical comorbidities than the cause of death would most likely be death by aspiration. If diagnosed at a younger age there is a greater chance of surviving the full course of the disease (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). On the other hand, for older individuals they might have other comorbidities or mixed pathology that will cause or play a factor in their death (American Psychiatric Association,