The United States Geological Survey (USGS, n.d.) defines a sinkhole as "an area of ground that has no natural external surface drainage--when it rains, all of the water stays inside the sinkhole and typically drains into the subsurface." Sinkholes vary in size considerably: from a few feet in diameter and one foot of depth, to "hundreds of acres" wide and "more than 100 feet deep," (USGS, n.d.). Some sinkholes form naturally over time, but human intervention such as construction and development
A karst landscape is an area composed of soluble rock conventionally composed of limestone, which is withal kenned as calcium carbonate or simply chalk (dolomite, and gypsum are other types of rock featured in karst landscapes). Limestone is a sedimentary rock which is made from the remains of micro-skeletons and shells compressed together into a solid. Since limestone is composed in layers kenned as bedding planes, these layers have cracks sanctioning dihydrogen monoxide to seep in. When rainwater
Introduction In the winter of 2013 a sinkhole took the life of Jeffrey Bush in Seffner, Florida. He was lying in bed when the ground collapsed beneath his bedroom. Death from sinkhole formation is rare, but sinkhole collapses are a common occurrence throughout the state of Florida (Brinkmann, 2013, p.1). Natural hazards, such as sinkholes, can detrimentally impact society and the environment. Indeed, sinkholes can reroute surface runoff into aquifers; cause structural damage to roads and buildings;
The word ‘Karst’ comes from the Krs Plateau in Slovenia, where karst environments were first studied closely. The Slav people use ‘Krs’ to refere to ‘bare stony ground’. More specifically geomorphology refers to karst as a type of terrain characterised mainly by caves, sinkholes and complex drainage networks. The majority of karst formations occur in soluble rocks such as limestone and dolomite (although recent discoveries have revealed karst formations in more resistant rocks such as quartz, but
Detection And Prevention of Sinkhole Attack On Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) M.Kayalvizhi1,Mr.G.Arul Kumaran2,A.Nithyasri3 1PG Scholar, Dept .of Information Technology, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women Tiruchengode – 637205, Tamilnadu, India 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Information Technology, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women Tiruchengode – 637205, Tamilnadu, India 3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Information Technology, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women,
first pond in figure B, in the other hand, the first opening is a non-resistant type of land and the second opening is a resistant material that can hold water. (B) If the two ponds were perennial (i.e., year-round) ponds, because of intersecting the water table, how would the presence or absence of water in the other depressions differ from that which is shown? Springs are formed either from a destroyed steam, sinkholes, or valleys. Caves are also formed from saturated area of land where a land will
Bush became the victim of a tragic geologic event that left many Americans wondering if they were truly ever standing on “solid ground” (Sinkhole Swallows Florida Man). Bush, and a large portion of his suburban home, was swallowed up by a sudden sinkhole as his brother looked on in horror, trying in vain to rescue him as he was forced deeper underground. This sinkhole developed as a result of the dissolution of limestone, which is prevalent under much of Florida’s soil, and the subterranean karst landscape
Do you know what sinkholes are? Have you heard of the impact that sinkholes are capable of causing? Sinkholes are an interesting result of weather. What is a sinkhole? The impact of sinkholes can be devastating. Some interesting facts of sinkholes are how you could improve them, their characteristics, and if sinkholes can be minimized. With this information, you will have a better understanding on how sinkholes operate. To start, a sinkhole is “a hole or depression in the ground that results from
DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF SINKHOLE ATTACK ON ZONE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ZRP) M.Kayalvizhi1, Mr.G.Arul Kumaran2, Dr.M.Akila3 1PG Scholar, Dept .of Information Technology Assistant 2Professor, Dept. of Information Technology 3Professor, Dept .of Information Technology Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode – 637205, India Email- mkayalvizhi1992@gmail.com, erarulkumaran@gmail.com, akila@nvgroup.in Abstract—Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a kind of wireless network. A Wireless
Detection and Prevention of Sinkhole Attack on Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) in MANET M.Kayalvizhi1, Mr.G.Arul Kumaran2, A.Nithyasri3 1PG Scholar, Dept .of Information Technology, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women Tiruchengode – 637205, Tamilnadu, India 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Information Technology, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women Tiruchengode – 637205, Tamilnadu, India 3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Information Technology, Vivekananda College of Engineering for