Typhus Fever and its Effects on Humans
The purpose of this paper is to discuss a disease called Typhus fever, it is caused mainly by bacteria called Rickettsia typhi or R. prowazekii, in an article from AJN online website, James A. Dolce, M.D. writes about the American scientist, Howars T. Ricketts, who identified them and who also died of typhus fever while he investigated the way in which the infection spreads, hence the name Rickettsia, in his honor. The disease is transmitted by ectoparasites such as fleas, lice, mites, and ticks. The way it is transmitted is usually by bites, organisms from these ectoparasites will contaminate the host, another way of contracting Typhus fever is by inoculation of fluids from these vectors which are infectious
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It is reported that Rocky Mountain, spotted fevers, Mediterranean spotted fever, scrub typhus and Brazilian spotted fevers have a high risk of fatality if not diagnosed and treated early, the percentage is 20%-60% of untreated cases can be fatal so it is extremely important to catch it early to prevent death. The Geographic distribution of the disease is very wide and it spreads from these regions mostly, Europe, Africa, India, and the Middle East. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is prominent in Canada, the United States, Mexico, and various countries in Central and South America, the risk of infection gets increased by coming in contact with dogs and outdoor activities like fishing ,hunting, and camping. Once a person has been infected with Typhus fever it is critical that early diagnoses and treatment take place, it is confirmed that treatment should not be prolonged due to awaiting confirmation of test results because these could take weeks to come back with a result and this is because serology is used for diagnosing. Treatment with tetracycline is recommended, doxycycline is the one most commonly used for treatment, oxygen and intravenous fluids are sometimes needed, antibiotics that are broad spectrum are usually …show more content…
In some specific cases chloramphenicol could be used as an alternative but its use is associated with more deaths, specially for R. rickettsia, if this is the case than professional advice should be sought. Prognosis is good for the patients who receive treatment early and should recover completely, possible complications include; Pneumonia, renal insufficiency and central nervous system damage. A few ways of preventing Typhus fever is to avoid being in places where fleas, mites, lice and ticks gather or live, by having good sanitation and by vaccination with the typhus vaccine before people travel to areas that are known as endemic. I couldn't end this paper without mentioning Mary Mallon, also known as Typhoid Mary, born in 1869, she was the first person considered as an asymptomatic carrier, it is said that she infected at least 51 people, three of whom died, Mary was placed in isolation twice in an attempt to prevent the spread of typhus, she passed away on November 11, 1938 from pneumonia; writing this paper on typhus fever wouldn't have been the same if it wasn't for
In the book "Letters From Rifka" Rifka and her family, except Saul, got a potentially deadly disease called Typhus. this choice an challenge will give information on this disease like how it is contracted, where it is most common, symptoms, treatment, severity, and the long-term effects of this disease.
Coccidioidomycosis is called Valley Fever because of the location where it is more abundant. Valley Fever got its name Coccidioides immitis from two scientist Emmet Rixford and T.C. Gilchrist in 1896. It can be found
"Infectious Disease is one of the great tragedies of living things - the struggle for existence between different forms of life. Incessantly the pitiless war goes on, without quarter or armistice - a nationalism of species against species." Hans Zinsser- Rats, Lice and History (1934)
Both "The Boundary" and The Great Gatsby display that a perfect future is not always guaranteed because of perfect memories made. In "The Boundary," each family expresses their different experiences of city life and its overall impacts. Despite this, with these experiences, the reader understands that the perfect future was not built for the protagonist's father. Thus, the daughter explained, "We eat the cake while the guests talk about politics, trips, and life in the city. Someone asks the mother where she got the cake.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is an illness that is spread to people by infected ticks. The illness causes flulike symptoms and a reddish-purple rash. This illness can quickly become very serious. Treatment needs to be started right away. When the illness is not treated right away, it can sometimes lead to long-term health problems or even death.
In recent news, there have been a large number of cases associated to Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) which have impacted a number of American Indian communities in Arizona. (CDC/IHS, Newsweek).
On the television there is way too much negativity that influence the youth and adults mind when we do not even know what is going on. The three television programs I observed had the following: physical, verbal, and relational (bullying). In the television show Martha Stewart she had few aggression in her show. In The Fairly Oddparents, it had way more aggression than Martha Stewart and Everybody Loves Raymond. Now Everybody Loves Raymond has fewer more tv agressions than Martha Stewart.
Due to its high demand of warmer climates, this virus does not make it to a lot of the different regions across North America. Origins: The first case ever reported of valley fever was in the early 1890s, in Argentina. A man by the name of Domingo Ezcurra, who was an Argentinian solder that had a skin condition that many thought to be cancer. Back then the technology was not as advance as it is today, so after doctors followed Mr. Ezcurra's case for many years, he passed away from his illness.
Typhus can be spread through flea, ticks, mites, rats, cat flea, and lice. Luckily, it is not transmitted like a cold, or the flu. Endemic Typhus spreads through cat flea, rat flea, and rats. Epidemic Typhus is spread through lice, ticks, and body louse. Scrub Typhus is spread through mites, louse, fleas, ticks, and lice. It is likely to spread to you if you live in a crowded environment, if there has been Typhus outbreaks recently, or if you are traveling abroad. You can prevent Typhus by controlling rodents, having good hygiene, and avoiding places with Typhus exposure. You can also use tick/mite repellent. If you are in an area with past Typhus outbreaks, you can wear protective clothing to avoid
Typhus is a disease caused by a genus of bacteria known as Rickettsia, which has been around since the late fifteenth century. Up until the twentieth century, it had impacted the world in both a negative and positive way. It killed off a lot of civilians and troops, but has also helped places advance more in medicine. Historically, typhus did a lot of damage to Europe. Not only was Europe as a whole damaged, but the population living within Europe was damaged as well. Finding out you have typhus must be the most awful feeling in the world. Especially because it’s essentially life or death, if it’s not treated on time or correctly.
When people are in the process of getting treatments for ovarian cancer doctors recommend them to take clinical trials as an option.The purpose of this trial is to make sure that it’s safe,effective and better than the standard treatment.Doctors look for better way to treat this disease.All of the drugs that are approved by the FDA was tested in clinical trials.These trials help to learn more about the new drugs,new methods and new approaches to radiation and surgery.Anyone that does the trial will be the first to get a treatment before the public is able to.These is also no guarantee that the treatment will be safe,effective or better than the standard treatment.
Now, vaccinations are recommended for those who want to travel to some parts in South America and Africa (mayoclinic, 2014). Only a safe and very effective vaccine can prevent the Yellow Fever. Five of the most common preventions are being aware of peak mosquito hours (which is usually from dusk to dawn), wearing proper clothing (like long sleeved shirts and long pants), avoiding outside exercises when mosquitoes are active, being in air-conditioned or well screened houses and using an EPA registered repellent (CDC, 2014).
This means avoiding ticks, the organism that is most responsible for spreading this disease to humans. Long sleeved clothing, wearing hats, and tucking pants into one’s socks are all common preventative measures. Another way to prevent the spread from tick to human, is to remove the tick as soon as it is found on the skin so that there is less time to actually transmit the disease. Aenishaenslin et al. claims that Lyme disease is very often an endemic species, and only two cases must be confirmed in a county in order for it to become an endemic county. Antibiotics are most commonly used in order to treat Lyme disease. However, the vigor with which drugs are used depends greatly on the stage of the disease that the patient has progressed to. Treatment may last several weeks; if symptoms persist, or return, another round of medication will be
Yellow fever is a deadly disease caused by a viral infection that is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Although it is found to be most common in males in their early 20's, yellow fever can affect any sex, race, or age. Since yellow fever is carried by mosquitoes, it is most often found in areas such as Central America, the northern half of South America, and Central Africa where mosquitoes are abundant. The reason why it is found so often in these
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, many animals can spread leptospirosis pets and farm animal, rodents, raccoons, opossums. There are two ways to contact the disease, drinking contaminated water or by swimming, rafting or kayaking of by coming in contact with soil contaminated with urine or bodily fluids of infected animals. The second way of contamination is by coming in direct contact with urine or bodily fluids of an infected animal for example in a hospital setting. Individuals most at risk are farmers, mine worker?s slaughterhouse workers, veterinary and animal caretakers, fisherman and people who work with fish, and military personnel and those involve in water outdoors activities (control). The disease if more prominent in areas with inadequate sewage, and tropical regions, epidemics are usually seen in extreme weather patterns. (Lunn)