U.s. Trade Policy Policies

Clay argued that the West, which opposed the tariff, should support it since urban factory workers would be consumers of western foods. In Clay’s view, the South, which also opposed high tariffs, should be supportive because of the market for cotton in northern mills. This last argument was a tough

Another minor step leading to the war, was a disagreement over tariffs on imports and exports. In 1828 a tariff was passed that tried to help New England manufacturers. The tariff was as high as 45% to 50% of the original European prices. The north wanted the higher tariffs so that their products could compete on the same level as foreign products which were much cheaper. Opponents of the tariff called it the tariff of abomination. Southerners strongly opposed the tariff because they exported cotton and other materials to Europe, in exchange, European goods

While the United States worked hard to set up a working government, a heavily debated topic was states’ rights. “When high protective tariffs were passed by Congress in 1828 and 1832, South Carolina, led by John Calhoun, threatened to nullify them, making them null and void within that state” (What Caused the Civil War). Nullifying the law means that the state would ignore it. The Southern states were angered by the tariffs because they benefited the North and made it more difficult for the South. Hinston Helper states, “It is a fact well known to every intelligent Southerner that we are compelled to go to the North for almost every article of utility and adornment, from matches, shoepegs and paintings up to cotton-mills, steamships and …; that almost everything produced at the North meets with ready sale, while at the same time, there is no demand, even among our own citizens, for the productions of

Despite Jackson’s support for the growth and prosper of the West, both he and his constituents lobbied to raise tariffs on imported textiles such as fur, flax, hemp, liquor and wool to about 50 percent their intended value. The increase of prices from other countries was greatly beneficial to the Northern economy, who were able to sell more of their products, but detrimental to the South. Because the South simply produced raw goods, it was essential that they imported manufactured goods for their general well being. This tariff not only threatened to reduce the flow of goods from Britain, but the loss of money made it difficult for them to purchase raw materials. Representative of South Carolina and long time foe of Jackson, John C Calhoun spoke

Since the income tax, tariffs have not been a major source of revenue for the United States government. For this reason, they sold and generated controversies in the United States. However, there was a time in America’s history when tariffs generated enough controversy to almost insight a civil war. In the U.S. senate, in February 1832, Kentucky Senator Henry Clay gave a speech called “In defense of the American System.”

Tariff laws on imports were mostly for profit of the northern states and did not benefit the southern states. In 1816 the people wrote to congress about how it was unfair for them to favor the manufacturers. For the power given to them was given so they could regulate and equalize commerce. (Doc A) Document A was written for Congress to explain how the south felt about the tariff acts. In 1817 another letter was sent to congress about how infrastructures can help bring the country back together. (Doc B) The main thing isolating the south was the Erie Canal because it connects the north and west for trading purpose. Trading between the north and west made money flow between the two to help their economies grow while leaving the south to fend for themselves. Innovations like factories in the north are why more people emigrated meaning more and better job opportunities. While in the south there is a smaller population for the simple fact they are farmers and plantation owners. (Doc E) Henry Clay’s American system consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts. He wanted a tariff to protect and promote American industry, a national bank to foster commerce and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements". The entire point of the plan was toto develop profitable markets for

products. Manufacturing industries in the North benefited from this tariff, since they no longer had to compete with cheap British goods, but negatively affected the southern states, with mostly planters that relied on imports. Congress forced Adams to choose between a stronger protective tariff than he would’ve preferred, to having no tariff at all, so Adams chose the tariff. The Tariff of 1828 was denounced as unconstitutional and oppressive, called the “Tariff of Abominations” by the Virginia legislature. Even Vice President John C. Calhoun condemned the tariff and drafted the South Carolina Exposition, which declared that it was in the states’ rights to nullify federal laws that were blatantly harming the state’s best

The “Era of Good Feelings” (1816-1825) marked a political period during president James Monroe’s presidency in which the disappearance of the Federalists enabled the republicans to govern in a spirit of harmony. This period is titled so due to nationalism, decrease in political strife, and economic growth post War of 1812. Although, Monroe managed to achieve his goal of national unity within the country, there were still issues that had appeared during his presidency. Debates over tariffs, foreign affairs, the national bank, and slave issues became much more evident during this time period. Following the War of 1812, people in America did not worry much about foreign affairs nearly as much as they did over American individualism and nationalism.

The early eighteen hundreds was a time of great controversy in the United States of America. Sectionalism, the difference of opinions between northern and southern states over federal government polices, was growing stronger. Vice President John Tyler took charge after the death of President William H. Harrison, but without a strong party alignment he did not accomplish much. He did, however, annex Texas in 1845 at the end of his term. Texas’s annexation disrupted the delicate balance between northern and southern states in Congress.

Henry Clay in 1816 would set a tariff of 30-40% in order to counter the British dumping of goods into the markets. Although this move was not entirely popular, it did help in maintaining the glass, iron, and textile industries that has been growing during the blockade. This created and maintained the economic growth for the northern states. This would also allow the southern states to maintain their high prices for goods such as tobacco and cotton, boosting their economies. The entire nation benefited from this tariff, despite people from both north and south opposing the tariff for different reasons.

The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, had been signed into law earlier in the year, increasing tariff rates to above 60%. Though it had narrowly passed in the House, it was unpopular with the Southern states as they imported materials and goods from abroad. Jackson and the Democrats opposed the tariff, and the unpopularity of the bill led to a division of the vote into two main sections: the Northern, minority Adams vote, and the Southern, majority Jackson vote. Jackson also personally appealed to the

These tariff’s promoted industrial growth but in a sense underlined the hypocrisy of Andrew Jackson. Jackson pushed for the economy of the United States to based on a Agricultural foundation. This caused a majority of states, especially southern states to abandon industrial projects. Then Jackson imposed tariffs that made it hard for these states to trade with foreign powers to cover for

The southerners wanted to have the privilege to be allowed to import and export freely due to believing that the tariffs is another wave of the Navigation Act. Secondly, they disapproved the idea that the Southerners were forced to buy products produced by the North. Southerners claimed that British products were superior and high quality compared to the North’s goods. Thirdly, they disliked the idea that the tariffs only benefited the North and merchants. The crisis over tariffs originated in South Carolina, under a case study. The abominable tariffs was passed by John Quincy Adams, who wanted to help the Northerners industries since he himself was born and raised in Massachusetts, in result of him understanding how it benefits the Northern

As discussed before, the recent decades has seen proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs), of which bilateral and regional trade agreements are a part. Of the 162 member countries, Mongolia was the only WTO member without PFA by 2005 (WTO, 2016).

The Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14 of the Govt. of India is a “holistic strategy, driving export growth to new markets and addressing issues of labour-intensive export and intensive export and transaction cost effectively.”