USAFRCOM Research Paper

Strokes are the fifth leading cause of deaths in America. They are also one of the leading causes of disabilities in adults. There are many factors, such as atrial fibrillation and lifestyle factors, which could lead to a potential stroke. There is the atrial fibrillation (shortened to “AFib”) and stroke connection. AFib is the constant and irregular beating of the two atria valves of the heart. The irregular heartbeats can cause blood to form clots in the heart and travel towards the brain. There are other types of risk factors that can lead to strokes, which are medical risk factors, lifestyle risk factors, and uncontrollable risk factors. Some examples of medical risk factors include high blood pressure, circulation problems, high cholesterol,

This war begun because of the fight for independance. The country merged with Italian Somalia and in 1991, when the war started, declared unilateral independence. The U.S. was in this war from the beginning till the end for in 1992 about 350,000 Somalis die of disease, starvation, or civil war. President at the time,George H.W. Bush, orders emergency airlifts of food and supplies to Somalia.The UN Security Council approves a military mission, “Operation Restore Hope,”led by the United States to try to help the starving country by protecting food shipments from the warlords.The U.S. formally ends the mission to Somalia, which has cost $1.7 billion dollars and left 43 U.S. soldiers dead and another 153 wounded. Years later the war finally ends in 2014 when a U.S. drone strike carried out as part of the broader mission killed Al-Shabaab leader Moktar Ali

NCC, Inc. dba New Century U.S. is pleased to submit this proposal to the U.S. Department of State Bureau of African Affairs for the Notice of Funding Opportunity, Mentorship and Training for the Somali National Army and the African Union Mission in Somalia. The New Century U.S. (NCUS) team assembled for this program has substantial success performance not only in Somalia but also the objectives outlined in the solicitation. The team is composed of New Century US, New Century International, Pbi2 and ALRM Group. The team has staffed programs of similar or greater level of effort that have successfully developed and instituted military capacity building and mentorship programs. New Century US team brings a wealth capability and best practices:

With a long history of violence, rebellion, and chaos, the African country of Somalia now seeks guidance. The country’s violent past started when military forces overthrew the last democratically elected government in October 1969, about 37 years ago. Military rule undermined, and ultimately destroyed the country. The military regime divided citizens into allies and enemies, and rewarded its allies while it punished whole communities. Life conditions in Somalia became so unbearable that the President Bush, Sr. was forced to act, and ordered thousands of American troops to enter Somalia in order to open the roads so that emergency food aid could be urgently delivered to the citizens.

In an increasingly hostile world, the threats and list of non-state actors willing to do harm to the United States (U.S.) is only increasing daily. A little known or possibly underestimated group who poses a threat in addition to the Islamic State (IS), who has recently been the biggest concern, is Al-Shabaab (ALS). Al-Shabaab is an Al-Qaeda in the Arabia Peninsula (AQAP) and Al-Qaeda (AQ) affiliate operating in the horn of Africa. It could be suggested that ALS is an emerging threat to the U.S. due to the increased immigration to the United States from Somalia and other countries within the horn of Africa. From potential lone wolf attacks to coordinated efforts it is suggested that the U.S. mainland will at some point experience an attack planned and carried out by ALS if this group is not watched more heavily.

Since 1991the Civil War began, and during the 90s the United States and the United Nation made several efforts to bring peace to the region which failed. In 1998 the northern punt land region declares autonomy. In the 2000s in Somalia the unrest would continue; from several attempts to have a stable government and bring peace to the region. Ethiopian troops also made an effort to bring peace to the region, but eventually also gave up and left Somalia as well. The country also has problems with pirates, and the terrorist group Al-Shabab who has control over part of the country. It was not until 2012 when Somalis elected their first president and parliament but even then this new government its still dependent on outsiders to stabilized and offer

Afghanistan and Somalia have had many terrorists emerge over the span of twenty years in order to evoke disorder in the world. The United States (U.S.) has been attempting to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat terrorists (A person, group, or organization that uses violent action, or the threat of violent action, to further political goals; frequently in an attempt to coerce a more powerful opponent) associated with al-Qaida and its affiliates ("U.S. Relations With Afghanistan"). For example, during the Battle of Mogadishu the U.S. attempted to capture Mohamed Farrah Hassan Aidid’s foreign minister Omar Salad Elmi and his highest political advisor, Mohamed Hassan Awale. In Afghanistan, the U.S. made a long-term commitment to help Afghanistan build a secure state with a democratic government that respects human rights ("U.S. Relations With Afghanistan"). In both Afghanistan and Somalia the U.S. has intervened sequentially to provide assistance and aid and has successfully done so.

What if you were told that there is a country that is in a civil war that has lasted twenty-six years and they have not made headlines in twenty years. This is life in Somalia, a country located in the most northeast horn of Africa. Here in the United States, we have avoided the subject of their civil war for many years. This brings up the question, “How did the Somalia Civil war start and what has been done to prevent further war?” The rest of the world, not just the United States, needs to stop ignoring all the horrible things going on in Somalia and collectively begin to help again. They have struggled for too many years and are now finally on the right path to becoming a prosperous country again. Here are the things to

This article talks about the ongoing tension between AMISOM (the largest peace support operation), and a violent Islamist group known as Al-Shabaab. Recent attacks in Somalia, has shed light on some of the vulnerabilities facing AMISOM and their allies. Al-Shabaab, once controlled the capitol city and most of south-central Somalia, but most of their fighters were driven out of the capitol and many other towns. Al-Shabaab has claimed responsibility for the recent attacks that killed More than 100 Kenyan soldiers deployed in Somalia. Their main objective is to create a caliphate across eastern Somalia. The AMISOM are not prepared to fight against these rebels because when they do fight back, the rebels flee and take minimal damage. This is due

military in providing humanitarian relief and civic action should be longstanding, but it is today also becoming a much more complex international effort. This effort clearly has a long-term goal with a foothold in foreign countries for years to come. Sensitive issues like economics and social change need a long-term approach and will not be solved simply with boots on the ground. Perhaps the next generation’s involvement will aid in changing the cycle of terrorism. This next generation will have to have a broader counterinsurgency, nation-building, and counterterrorist effort mindset. This new context will have significant important challenges for coordination between civilian and military individuals. This prolonged irregular warfare, will continue to drain resources from states that are involved specifically the US. I feel that it is not an expense rather an investment for years to come. Don’t we have a moral and ethical obligation as a country of resources to invest in the future of the world, I think

With a consistent, grassroots based message and “unable to match AMISOM’s military superiority” (Anzalone, 2013, p. 13), al-Shabaab has waged a guerilla style war against AMISOM, Kenya and other interfering governments. Pushed out of Mogadishu and having lost much of its territory in the south and west Somalia, al-Shabaab has made several attempts, some successful, at instituting governance in previously ungoverned areas of Somalia. A series of al-Shabaab media releases depict life under insurgent rule as stable with many civilians expressing their happiness with al-Shabaab rule as well as “concern over the return of foreign troops and their Somali lackeys” (Anzalone, 2013, p. 15). As Christopher Anzalone (2016) notes, “this domestic focus has contributed to a pragmatic battlefield strategy of classic guerilla warfare interspersed with high-profile, well-coordinated attacks on “soft targets,” such as hotels and restaurants, in the Somali capital of Mogadishu” (p. 13) and

Al-Qaeda on the Arab Peninsula (AQAP) and the strong re-emergence of their presence in the Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) area of responsibility provoke not only strategic concern but re-emphasizes the importance of Global War on Terrorism mission sets. AQAP establishes training camps, strong recruiting, and bases of operations to continue jihad against the Western world emanate from Yemen. CJTF-HOA will need to be mindful of Western policy, which focuses on degrading AQAP’s leadership. Saudi Arabia’s longtime influence may help with the stability mission but to defeat the AQAP is on their relationships with tribes in Yemen may prove successful if Saudi Arabia is willing to support such a mission. CJTF-HOA’s

The relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea has become an issue of interest in recent years to the United States as well as the rest of the world. The history between the two countries has been detrimental to the development of each country which in turn trickles over their borders into the rest of the region. War, annexation, border disputes and their external influences in the region are just a few of the ongoing issues both of these countries continue to have with each other today. With the continued uncertainty of the surrounding region, the United States, along with its NATO partners are deeply concerned with the threat of terrorist organizations spreading and thriving in this region due to the instability that continues to grow

The country of Yemen is on the verge of imploding due to a water crisis. When the water runs out Yemen will destabilize and with it the entire Horn of Africa (HOA). The United States has many ongoing militaristic, economic, and diplomatic interests in the HOA. In order for the Horn of Africa to remain stable the United States needs to take a different approach with its humanitarian efforts in Yemen, utilizing the full support of the military. If delivery and implementation of humanitarian aid are not planned and coordinated with full military operational support the process will be doomed, as so many humanitarian efforts have been in the past. Specifically if the water crisis in Yemen is not addressed it will destabilize the country causing increased violent extremist activity and civil unrest. Without water for its people the Yemeni government will be weakened allowing militant Islamic groups to regain power within Yemen and the HOA, ultimately threatening the United States Homeland.

In the past few years, reports show that, tens of billions of dollars sent to the thousands of trained security forces in the middle east have collapsed. A certain report done by Eric Schmitt and Tim Arango, states that, 500 million dollars goes to a defence program that trains local rebels to fight ISIS. Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki says, “The push to rebuild the Iraqi Army that the United States disbanded after the 2003 invasion had largely succeeded by the time American troops withdrew eight years later. But that $25 billion effort quickly crumbled after the Americans left.” The same report also states that “The American government has invested nearly $1 billion in the overall strategy in Somalia. But even with the gains, the Shabab have been able to carry out bombings in Mogadishu, the capital, and in neighboring countries, including massacres at a university and a