Ultrasonic Flaw Inspection Systems

A sound wave is a disturbance that repeats regularly in space and time and that transmits energy from one place to another with no transfer of matter. In Activity 2 on page 8 we had to model sound waves using an instrument. In our class we used a flute as the example and when the person blew into it, sound waves were produced. As they blew and changed the volume and pitch the sound waves changed. A sound wave is created when something vibrates. When something vibrates, longitudinal waves are created which we can hear. A longitudinal wave is a wave that transfers energy through compressions and rarefactions in the material that the wave travels which are all parts of a sound wave. In Activity 2 it states in some parts of the wave, the air molecules

The sound waves are produced by a random oscillating crystal, and are inaudible to humans. A instrument called a

In longitudinal waves the object doesn’t exactly follow the waves fully instead the object moves in a back and forth motion while the waves continues to move forward through the object. While in transverse waves the object doesn’t follow the waves as well and just moves up and down in the same position.

Diagnostic medical sonography is a profession where sonographers direct high-frequency sound waves into a patient’s body through the use of specific equipment to diagnose or monitor a patient’s medical condition. As described by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, this examination is referred to as an ultrasound, sonogram, or echocardiogram. The high-frequency sound waves emitted from the handheld device, called a transducer, bounce back creating an echo and therefore produce an image that can be viewed on the sonographers computer screen. This image provides the sonographer and physician with an internal image of the patient’s body that will be used in the diagnosis. The most familiar use of ultrasound is used in monitoring pregnancies

The purpose of this experiment is to measure the speed of sound in air and to determine the effects of frequency on the speed of sound.

Diagnostic medical sonography is a profession where sonographers direct high-frequency sound waves into a patient’s body through use of specific equipment to diagnose or monitor a patient’s medical condition. As described by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, this examination is referred to as an ultrasound, sonogram, or echocardiogram. The high-frequency sound waves emitted from the handheld device, called a transducer, bounce back creating an echo and therefore produce an image that can be viewed on the sonographers computer screen. This image provides the sonographer and physician with an internal image of the patient’s body that will be used in diagnosis. The most familiar use of ultrasound is used in monitoring pregnancies, and is

As the distance to an object is determined by measuring the time of flight and not by the intensity of the sound, ultrasonic sensors are excellent at suppressing background interference. Virtually all materials which reflect sound can be detected, regardless of their color. Even transparent materials or thin foils represent no problem for an ultrasonic

Sound waves are nothing more than an energy transfer through a medium be it through a liquid, solid, or a gas. Sound pressure or intensity is measured on logarithmic scale in decibels dB which increases on an order of magnitude. For instance a quiet conversation would be around 30 dB and whereas the human pain threshold would be just over 100 dB. While the pitch or frequency of the sound is measured in hertz or Hz, the higher the hertz the higher the pitch of the sound and vice versa (Hildebrand, 2004).

In ultrasound, Acoustic impedance (Z) is the quantity of measurement of resistance to sound when passing through a medium (Hedrick,Hykes&Starchman 2005, p.10).

The snail like shape of the cochlear effectively boosts the strength of the vibrations caused by sound, especially for low pitches. When sound waves hit the ear drum, tiny bones in the ear transmit the vibrations to the fluid of the cochlea, where they travel along a tube that winds into a spiral. The tube’s properties gradually change along its length, so the waves grow and then die away, much as an ocean wave travelling towards the shore gets taller and narrower before breaking at the beach.

Among the methods used for cell disruption, sonication (ultrasonics) is one of the most widely used cell disruption technique at laboratory scale. Ultrasound technology has been applied to various fields (Wang et al. 1997). On one hand it is hardly suitable for the industrial purpose, but on the other hand, it requires neither sophisticated devices nor extensive technical training at laboratory (Feliu et al. 1998).

Sound is a wave, and a wave can be remembered as a medium, carrying energy from one point to another. The sound wave has a resemblance of a slinky in its nature, for many reasons. The disturbance goes from one place to another, carried by the medium. Typically, the medium will carry energy through the air, although it could be any substance like water and steel. There is an original source of the wave; anything from someone’s vibrating vocal chords, or a tuning fork. Then, the sound is transported through the medium through particle-to-particle interaction. If the sound wave is moving through the

It is within this framework that I consider important to study the way in which sound is

What is a sound wave? A sound wave is produced by a mechanical vibration, such as a tuning fork. The vibrating object causes the surrounding medium, such as air, to vibrate as well.The wave travels through the medium to a detector, like your ear, and it is heard.As with any type of wave, a sound wave is also described by it's wavelength, amplitude, period, and frequency.

The probe also has an acoustic lens this helps to focus the emitted sound waves. The transducer probe can come in many different shapes and sizes. The field of view depends on the shape of the probe. Also the frequency of the waves emitted determines how deep the sound waves will penetrate and also the resolution of the image that will be produced. Probes can be used to move across the body but they can also be inserted through various openings. E.g. orally, this enables the probe to get closer to object that is being examined. Being closer to the object may allow for more detailed views.