Ultrasonic is the universally accepted technique to study the physico-chemical properties of the

I. LIQUID - Identification of an Unknown Liquid: Using the physical properties of Solubility, Density, and Boiling Point.

In 1801 Thomas Young described “phase shifting” in relation to light. Christian Doppler in 1842 created the “Doppler effect” which is how blood flows in pelvic vessels and the fetus. Pierre Curie in 1880 described the piezoelectric effect, where ceramic to generate ultrasonic waves.Paul Langevin in 1915 built the first hydrophone, microphone designed to be used to listen to underwater sound ,also related to measurement of the fetus and abdominal masses. Watson-Watt developed the radar in 1943 using electromagnetic waves. John Read published the first 2D images in 1952. 3D ultrasound was first developed by Olaf von Ramm and Stephen Smith in 1987.

Proteins are the basis of the protoplasm (fluid living content of the cell that contains the cytoplasm and cell nucleus) and are found in all living organisms. Proteins make up the bulk of animals body’s non-skeletal structure. As enzymes, they catalyze biochemical reactions; as antibodies, they prevent the effects of invading organisms; and as hormones, they control metabolic processes (C. Bissonnette, 2011). The Biuret test was used to detect the presence of peptide bonds within proteins, and they were found present in test tube #9 (control for peptide bonds).

There is a lot of history relating to ultrasound or another name is sonography. It has come very far for the uses in not only medical situations but other technological situations. Ultrasound has been seen to dates back to the 1700’s. The first inventor known to study ultrasound is Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1794. He was a physiologist to first study ultrasound physics by using bats. Bats use echolocation, which are sound waves that travel in the air till they hit an object and bounce back to the bat so it can in a sense see what is around him by knowing how long the wave took to get back. Ultrasound works similarly to bats echolocation. It uses high frequency sound waves that capture live images from inside the body. This works like how a bat can see with soundwaves but be almost blind. The next person Karl Dussik, physicist was the first doctor to use ultrasound as an instrument for diagnosis called it Hyperphongraphy. They used this to try and locate brain tumors with one transducer on side of the skull

An ultrasound is also referred to as a sonogram. It uses a high frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body.

In Tobias Wolff’s “Powder,” the protagonist undergoes a pivotal moment in which his views of his parents’ relationship, his father’s behavior, and his own behavior are altered. This epiphany comes while the young man and his father are driving through “fresh powder” (Wolff 3) on the way home from a ski trip and he realizes that his parents’ marriage will essentially end when they get there. Instead of becoming downhearted at the moment, however, he decides to reverse his opinion of his situation and submits to the thrill of it. This pivotal moment shapes the meaning of “Powder” as it reveals a change in heart of the boy as he must accept the facts of his life and mature quickly. Whereas he initially views his father as a reckless man, his parents’ marriage as still salvageable, and his own behavior as proper, he subsequently looks at his father with a sense of admiration, his parents’ marriage with a lack of hope, and his own behavior with uncertainty.

As the distance to an object is determined by measuring the time of flight and not by the intensity of the sound, ultrasonic sensors are excellent at suppressing background interference. Virtually all materials which reflect sound can be detected, regardless of their color. Even transparent materials or thin foils represent no problem for an ultrasonic

Sonography utilizes sound waves to generate an image that can be analyzed to determine or rule out a diagnosis. Ultrasound or ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves. It is a high pitch frequency that cannot be heard by the human ear. A diagnostic medical sonographer works directly with patients in a dimly lit room with imaging machines. The sonographer gets the medical history of the patient and prepares the patient for an ultrasound examination. The sonographer explains the noninvasive procedure and answers any question the patient might have. The sonographer positions the patient and covers the patient only exposing the area needed for the procedure. The sonographer

As newer research began during the 1900s, the sonar started to make changes and new developments. Active sonar, provides pulses of sounds and listening for echoes. Gives warning if an object is in the path and returns an “echo” to the sonar transducer. The transducer can determine the range and orientation of the object. Passive sonar systems are used primarily to detect noise from marine objects (such as submarines or ships). Unlike active sonar, passive sonar does not emit its own signal, which is an advantage for military vessels that do not want to be found or for scientific missions that concentrate on quietly “listening” to the ocean. The purpose for both sonar’s is to detect the acoustic signals emanating from external

Detects different physical characteristics of pressure waves: • Pitch: perception of the frequency of sound waves (umber of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in a unit of time) • Loudness: the perception of the intensity of sound (the pressure exerted by sound

An Ultrasound Technician, also known as diagnostic medical sonographers, use high-frequency sound waves to create images of soft tissue in a patient's body. Physicians use these images to diagnose abnormalities and diseases in a patient. As early as 1826, a Swiss physicist name Jean-Daniel, had effectively used an underwater bell to determine the speed of sound in the waters of Lake Geneva. In the late 1800s, physicists were working successfully towards defining the fundamental physicists of sound waves, transmission, propagation, and refraction. Lord Rayleigh was the first to describe sound waves as a mathematical equation, forming the basis of future practical work in acoustics. Lord Rayleigh famous work “the Theory of Sound” was published

Biologists and engineers eventually were able to follow fish using acoustic tags. These tags created sound waves that could be detected by underwater microphones attached to boats. The tags measured how the fish moved through it's environment.

According to Gill (2012,p. 11) the equation for Acoustic impedance is Z=ρc, where (Z=Acoustic impedance, ρ =density of medium and c =velocity of beam). From this equation is understood that acoustic

This includes a range of echolocation clicks in the dolphin sonar system used to identify objects underwater.

The probe also has an acoustic lens this helps to focus the emitted sound waves. The transducer probe can come in many different shapes and sizes. The field of view depends on the shape of the probe. Also the frequency of the waves emitted determines how deep the sound waves will penetrate and also the resolution of the image that will be produced. Probes can be used to move across the body but they can also be inserted through various openings. E.g. orally, this enables the probe to get closer to object that is being examined. Being closer to the object may allow for more detailed views.