Ultrasoun Ultrasound

Sakeenah is 14 years old African american girl, she comes to the University of Michigan Pediatric Gastroenterology clinic on 5/22/2018 complaining of abdominal pain. She is accompanied mom and dad today and she provides the interval medical history, She states that the pain started month ago, epigastric, and occasionally radiate to right side, described as squeezing or burning pain. She states that the pain is on/off, in scale of 7-8/10, occur more in the morning. The pain lasts few hours several time a day. She feels that "food sits in my stomach and doesn't digest." Sakeenah states that pain is worse when she eating a grassy food, she stop eating it for a while and the pain seems

When I tell a person that I want to pursue a degree in Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound their first thought is babies. Which I don’t blame them because that is the part of ultrasound we are exposed most too. But ultrasound is so much more than just seeing an unborn baby. There are so many amazing things that ultrasounds can do. DMU is an imaging technique used to visualize the tissue structures/internal organs of the body by recording the returning reflections of ultrasonic waves with the purpose of pathology diagnosis. There are two names it goes by, ultrasound and sonography. These two terms are often used interchangeably. Ultrasound uses sound and acoustics to produce images that are then reflected back in real time.

I was happy that I managed to rule out any distinct causes of the abdominal pain by performing the examination to collect data, analyse it, and use the results to make an appropriate decision (Schon, 1984). However, had I performed the examination without assistance I may not have gained all the information required to confirm diagnosis, as I did forget some aspects.

My freshman year of high school, I displayed symptoms of appendicitis and an ultrasound had been requested by my doctor. I was pleasantly surprised to discover that ultrasounds were not just for when you were expecting a little one, they serve diagnostic purposes as well. Interested, I researched the different fields of ultrasound sonography and had a specific attraction to obstetric sonography. Obstetric sonography, is specialized in capturing the inside of a woman’s uterus and reveal the growth and development of an embryo or fetus if she is pregnant.

During the small bowel series, the radiologist was not able to determine the exact area of obstruction. The study was terminated after two hours and the patient was returned to her room. Following the small bowel series, the patient complained of abdominal pain and cramping. The patient’s tube was leaking bowel from the side of the tube and onto her abdomen. It was also noted that her parenteral nutrition was not adequate (LWR radiology, 2015).

Crohn’s disease is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that could occur anywhere from the mouth to the rectum. However, it usually affects the intestines (Longstreth, 2010). Like many illnesses, there is no cure for Crohn’s as the exact cause of it is unknown. There are a number of tests and procedures available that aide in making the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. Stool cultures and blood work can suggest IBD but may not directly indicate the disease. Barium enemas, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful exams but the preferred method involves scoping via endoscopy. Endoscopy allows physicians to view the digestive tract, often

An abdominal x-ray of a child is usually the first course of action when determining if the child has intussusception. On a typical x-ray of the abdomen with intussusception, you will see an elongated tissue mass and a bowel obstruction proximal to it. This obstruction is usually found in the right upper quadrant. When performing an x-ray on a pediatric patient you must lower the technique. To obtain quality images, having a low exposure time and a higher mA will help. Another tool to help through this procedure is having the parent in the room with the child. This helps calm the child and keep them relaxed through-out the

Sandra is a 34yo, G5 P0311, who was seen for a follow-up ultrasound assessment. As you know, she has a complicated obstetrical history with one 36 week preterm delivery and 3 other losses that occurred between 19 and 22 weeks gestation. Those 3 losses are complicated in that she has PPROM and some bleeding but was also found to have advanced cervical dilation. This brought up the question of potential incompetent cervix and the need for cerclage. This will again be discussed further below. She does have a history of chronic HTN but is currently not on treatment and her BP is normal at 104/84 and her urine evaluation is negative. She also does have some issues with anxiety and depression but again is stable without treatment. Based on

The upper GI series shows a dilated first and second portion of the duodenum with an abrupt and vertical obstruction of the third portion. (Gebhart 2015). CT scan may also be used to provide images of both the abdominal tissue in cross-sections allowing to see the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta including the internal organs (Brunner's and Suddarths 2014). An Endoscopic ultrasound can also be used to visualize the aorta mesenteric angle with accuracy. The use of an upper endoscopy can rule out other pathologies such as mechanical lumen structure and duodenal ulcerations that can mimic superior mesenteric artery syndrome (Gebhart

For many decades now, sound advances in the ultrasound technology have become a successful innovation towards access to 3D images of a fetus as it continues developing in the womb. This innovation has helped pediatricians to gain clinical insights on the growing fetus and parental development of the mother. These images also serve the doctors with information that is used in determining the condition of the fetus all though its growth until it is ready to be born. However it some people think that this innovation as much as it is beneficial to the parents it does not apply to all of them since it comes with expenses and extra costs. They give a precise description of the fetus and all its congenital anomalies. Doctors can be able to know if

Crohn, whom the condition is named after, noticed, alongside colleagues Leon Ginzburg and Gordon D. Oppenheimer, a consistent set of intestinal anomalies amongst at least fourteen patients (Crohn et al. 1323). These included the typical chronic inflammation and ulceration traditionally indicative of ulcerative colitis, another inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn et al. 1323). However, they also spotted multiple fistulas of the distal ileum, communicating with the lumen of the ascending and sigmoid colon (Crohn et al. 1323). These anomalies did not fit into any previously defined gastroenterologic diseases, and Crohn set out to describe his and his colleagues’ findings. In the classic paper entitled Regional Ileitis: a Pathologic and Clinical Entity, they attempt to describe “a disease of the terminal ileum… characterized by a subacute or chronic necrotizing and cicatrizing inflammation” (1323).

Although emergency physicians have been utilising PoCUS since the 1990's its use by emergency medicine paediatricians is relatively recent with a collaborative policy statement being issued only as recently as January 2015 by the American Academy of Paediatrics , Society of American Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians and the World Interactive Network Focused on Critical Ultrasound. providing a framework for point of care ultrasound development within paediatric emergency departments. There is no specific reference to the use of point of care ultrasound for paediatric patients on the Royal College of Emergency Medicine website although guidance was published in March 2017 on minimising the use of WBCT. No reference

Irritable Bowel Syndrome chronic illness affecting the large intestine also known as the colon, including the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal area. “IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, meaning symptoms are caused by changes in how the GI tract works. The muscular contraction of food along the intestinal pathway is abnormal. Food stimulated a rhythmic contraction known as peristalsis in the intestine down to the rectum. During the contraction, nutrient and water are partially digested. The end product of the digestion (waste) is stored in the rectum and later expelled through the anus. There are several factors to express the cause and symptoms

The radiographic exam of the small bowel was being performed without the use of fluoroscopy. The patient’s radiographic room was prepped before she came down for the study. A 14x17 digital image receptor was placed lengthwise in

This is an X-ray study using contrast material. Contrast material is something given to the baby by mouth that shows the inside of the stomach and small bowel better. This X-ray shows an abnormal position of the first part of the small bowel located where the small bowel first leaves the stomach.