Uncovering a Relationship Between Alcohol and Violence Using Correlation Research

In operant conditioning, it is possible to strengthen responses by either presenting positive reinforcement or by the removal of negative reinforces. "New responses can be learned by organisms by gradually reinforcing closer and closer approximations of the desired response" (Weiten p. 238). This is what is meant by shaping, It is the gradual use of reinforcement until the desired response has been reached.

Behaviorism is defined as,” a school of psychology that takes the objective evidence of behavior (as measured responses to stimuli) as the only concern of its research and the only basis of its theory without reference to

There are several sources that have recognized a two-way association between alcohol consumption and violent or aggressive behavior. Not only may alcohol consumption promote aggressiveness, but victimization may lead to excessive alcohol consumption. Violence may be defined as behavior that intentionally inflicts, or attempts to inflict, physical harm. Violence falls within the broader category of aggression, which also includes behaviors that are threatening, hostile, or damaging in a nonphysical way.

According to McLeod (2017), behaviourism is an approach in psychology that focuses on scientific testing and investigating how environmental interactions cause all human behaviour to be learnt. Behaviourists do not focus on covert behaviour, such as feelings or thoughts, as they cannot be scientifically

Over the course of this paper I was able to discuss the Behavioral approach to Psychology, and connect it to an event that happened in my life. I talked about how I was able to observe the changes in the students and tutors behavior, both before and after we were observed by a group of

Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behaviors in a context. The study involves a lot of research in that certain area to determine what causes the behavior and why. Through this article, I will be addressing the psychology of behavior. Behavioral

One of the most well-known studies in psychology is behaviorism. Behaviorism psychology rose up between psychologists during the two world wars. When it was first mentioned, classical behaviorism, it focused on data that could be easily noticed, mental experiences, and usual activities1. Then behaviorism spread out into many other branches like methodological, radical, theoretical, and more2. The basic idea of behaviorism is how an “organism” responds to situation directed by external environment and internal biological process1.

Behavioural Psychology originated in the late 19th to early 20th century and was concerned with the prediction and control of the observable, measurable, external aspects of human experience. Behaviourist psychologists rejected the introspective method used by previous philosophers and psychologists and instead relied on using observation and data that was objective and empirical. This is known as an anti-mentalist approach; Behaviourists considered the workings of the mind

One Psychologist who contributed a huge proportion to behaviorism is John B. Watson, it was at the Psychological school of Behaviorism he established it. John B. Watson was born in South Carolina in 1878, later in his life his father became absent from his life leading to wrongdoing that John Watson would never be at easy with. Eventually John Watson went to the University of Chicago to study Psychology where he found his interest in behaviorism. During this time, he was studying behaviorism became huge part of psychology in the United States in the 1920’s and 1930’s. A new philosophy that John Watson published was, “The Behaviorist Manifesto” which is about a psychological view of behaviorist. The major goal of John Watson’s manifesto was to predict and show the controls of behavior, which led to him conducting experiments and research projects on animal behavior, child rearing and advertising.

* Behaviorism: The school of psychology that views observable, measureable behavior and emphasizes the key role of the environment as a determinant of a behavior.

In spite of the fact that the link between alcohol and violence has been recognized as far back as the 4th century BC (Bellis & Hughes, 2011), contemporary researchers are still looking into ways of stopping alcohol-fuelled violence and developing a deeper understanding of the subject (Drug and Alcohol Review, 2011). Alcohol is the main cause of traffic deaths, drownings, fires, assaults, murders, robberies and sex-related crimes according to Shupe (1954), Waller (1969) and Wolfgang and Strohm (1956). Moreover, it is generally acknowledged that alcohol consumption alters cognitive processes (Ryback, 1971; Jones, 1973) and that violent patterns of behaviour become more frequent when alcohol consumption increases, as has been investigated by a study conducted in Norway between 1990 and 2004 (Bye & Rossow, 2008). Although it is estimated that alcohol-attributed violence accounts for 248,000 deaths worldwide every year (Rehm J, Room R, Monteiro M, et al, 2004), research suggests that the link between the two variables is far more subtle and complex that it is assumed in both “popular discourse and in the official response to offences committed after the offender has been drinking” (Dingwall, 2006). In fact, a crime committed after consuming alcohol does not necessarily mean that the drinking was the only factor that lead to the offending (Dingwall, 2006) and the research done on alcohol and violence is only a part of a wider picture – substance abuse and crime (South, 2002;

Behaviorism is by far one of the most interesting fields of psychology in my opinion. B.F. Skinner’s view on behaviorism was that a person’s actions are controlled by rewards and punishments. Relating this to a real life situation, a great example of this would be a parent and a child.

Behavior Psychology Psychology is defined as a science that focuses on the study of and to

Behaviourism is also the branch of psychology that tries to control/regulate human behaviour by identifying the factors that motivate it in the first place (J.Henderson, personal communication, September ,2016). For example, in the movie In the film, human behaviour is seen as the concept of ‘The Unconscious Mind’ and superego. Superego prompts us to do the moral thing, not the one that feels best (J.Henderson, personal communication, September , 2016). In ‘My Sister’s Keeper’, Anna followed through by doing what she felt was right rather than the ‘moral’

psychology, also called behaviorism. This is a type of psychology based upon the idea that all