Communications has been in a process of evolution and revolution from the time the first cave person drew pictures on a wall through the inventions of the printing press, the telephone, radio, and television to the most current revolution – the Internet. This paper will attempt to briefly examine online sexual harassment and the constitutionally granted rights of the First Amendment. In the interests of brevity and to remain with in the parameters of the paper any discussion will exclude workplace sexual harassment, flaming and stalking. The issue of public versus private forum has been discussed in many papers and journals and will not be covered in this paper. We also assume that any reader of this paper has a basic knowledge of sexual …show more content…
Separate computers administered each domain and "root server" directed traffic among thedomains". The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) was responsible for assigning numbers. In 1992 this responsibility was transferred, at the governments’ request, to InterNic, administered by Network Solutions. In September 1998, The International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) was established to take on this responsibility. ICANN’s board of Directors would be comprised of members designated by IANA and NSI would provide technical aide.
All information on the Internet travels via Internet Protocol (IP) from one network to other networks and finally to its destination through packets. "Headers carry addresses for the packet’s source and destination and instructions for how to reassemble packets when they reach their destination". Large messages are split into several packets and sent individually to their destination through routers. "IP packets first travel through physical, wired networks like Local Area Networks (LAN’s) that connect PC’s in most or telephone wires to a central office switch. But to reach a network beyond a LAN, or central office, packets must pass through an IP router that is connected to the LAN or the telephone network. An IP router sends a packet on the next router that will best relay the packet to its destination. Addresses allow
The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP).
But how does it work? The internet, based on the concept of “packet switching”, involves the travelling of small packets of data over one or more networks (Frenzel, 2013). This can be compared to “electronic postcards”, meaning that “a computer generates a piece of data and flings it into the net, just like the postal system, except 100 million times faster” (Cerf, 2013). This concept allows one computer to speak to many different computers around the network by sending out these “electronic postcards”. However, before these networks can work seamlessly together, they must use a common protocol, or set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets of data. There are several protocols currently in use, including the OSI Model, the TCP/IP Model, UDP, HTTP, and FDP (Mitchell, 2014), but the most commonly used is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gilmer, 2011). Even as early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to ARPANET (Kozierok,
Sexual harassment is a demeaning practice, one that constitutes a profound affront to the dignity of the employees forced to endure it. By requiring an employee to contend with unwelcome sexual actions or explicit sexual demands, sexual harassment in the workplace attacks the dignity and self-respect of the victim both as an employee and as a human being. Sexual harassment is well defined as an unwelcome sexual request for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. In many countries, sexual harassment is considered a form of sexual abuse and employment discrimination. Sexual harassment is most prevalent is organizations both professional and academic, though it can occur almost anywhere.
With the rapid growth of the Internet after commercialization in the 1990s, it became evident that far more addresses than the IPv4 address space has available were necessary to connect new devices in the future. By 1998, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) had formalized the successor protocol. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address, allowing 2128, or approximately 3.4×1038 addresses, or more than 7.9×1028 times as many as IPv4, which uses 32-bit addresses and provides approximately 4.3 billion addresses. The two protocols are not designed to beinteroperable, complicating the transition to IPv6. However, several IPv6 transition mechanisms have been devised to permit communication between IPv4 and IPv6
Each IP that accesses the internet will be under a NAT protocol to help protect the users accessing the internet.
The topic of sexual assault has always been a tough subject to discuss because it is a heinous crime that can and has happened to men, women, young and old. It is a topic that is disturbing and heart wrenching, especially when involving children. In the past few years, our media outlets have captured the images and stories on sexual assault, focusing mainly on College Institutions and how sexual assault cases have been handled within those institutions. Sexual assault is a very important topic to discuss, since this can happen to anyone you know, man or woman, adult or child, or yourself. This paper will touch on the different types of sexual assault, stigma of sexual assault, treatment of sexual assault, and understanding the perpetrator. There will be a brief discussion of the current social issue of college campus sexual assault. Sexual assault is such a wide topic with many areas to discuss, but this paper will outline the basic understanding of sexual assault and what can be done to overcome this stigma of sexual assault and how we can help the victims/survivors.
It is no surprise that the internet can be a horrible place for avid users; especially for women, who never failed to be a main target to abuse, discrimination, and harassment. In Sarah Ratchford’s article, she makes a very bold statement by convincing its readers that “the courts have just sanctioned men to say whatever they want to women”. Essentially, she fails to convince its more educated readers and those who have more of a knowledgeable idea on the matter. She uses very aggressive emotional fallacies by using scare tactics; she also uses ethical fallacies through his hasty assumptions, and finally uses logical fallacies through her dogmatic approach. Ratchford’s tries to convince about the issue by mainly focusing on her combinations between emotional fallacies and her logical fallacies.
The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised of ten thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers that form the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments to modest PCs in people's homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internet is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of Defense's communications systems. Fearing the consequences of nuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known as TCP/IP was
I choose this topic because sexual assault is one of the most offensive crimes committed in our society. Not only is it a threat to the community, but it has a physically and psychologically effect on the victim in many ways. For the last couple of decades, sexual assault, rape, and child molestation has become the focal point of public concerns today. According to a 1993 National Crime Victimization Survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Justice, about 500,000 rapes or sexual assaults occur each year (Statistics, March 2010). The Department of Justice states that, “rape crimes have risen nearly three times as fast as the total crime rate”, although other studies have shown statistics that are in
Unwelcome sexual behavior has been a serious problem in our society for many years. We need to focus more on this problem, because a lot of men still don’t take it seriously, it happens, because they don’t know the real definition of sexual harassment.
Sexual Harassment comes in many forms and weather spoken, verbal, written or the behavior itself, it makes the person uncomfortable and the end results is all same, Sexual Harassment is unwelcome and unwanted behavior. Sexual Harassment discrimination is illegal. It is the employer obligation to make sure their organization and employees have protection from discrimination. This paper will show that Jacksonville shipyard acted unethically by failing to protect one of their employees Lois Robinson. Jacksonville Shipyard was well aware that Ms. Robinson faced sexual harassment on a daily basis by her male co- workers. Once Lois complained to Management that she objected to the co-workers behaviors , instead of helping her they made
Cyberbullying is one of the main issues overtaking society today in the opinions of seventy six percent of people from the ages of fourteen to twenty four. Fifty six percent of the people in this age group are the victims of cyberbullying through both digital and social media. Another problem, according to seventy one percent of people, is sexting, when a person receives or sends inappropriate sexual messages. One out of every three people suffers from sexting habits, and fifty one percent of people from the ages of fourteen to twenty four have admitted to it. Ten percent of these people had not met the recipient of the messages in person, and about half of the people were under pressure to send these violating messages. Digital abuse in relationships is a problem that reaches forty-one percent of couples. Three in ten people are checked on through the media by their partner, and twenty seven percent of the people who are in a relationship have been forced to share the messages they have sent or received with their partner. Last but not least, one out of every two people has observed discrimination through language on social networks. Fifty one percent of people think this is wrong, but forty-six percent of people think it is okay as long as the sender makes it clear that they are joking. Similarly, fifty four percent of people believe close friends can
In today’s society we constantly hear or read about individuals that claim they were a victim of sexual pressure. These instances can take place at work, school, the military and even at church. But exactly what is sexual exploitation or unwanted sexual behavior? After looking at several definitions for sexual abuse I came across the following definition that I feel will help all of us to better understand what inappropriate sexual behavior is. Sexual harassment was defined by The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) as unwelcome advances and requests for sexual behavior or conditional requests such as a person’s employment will continue if they perform these acts. (Gale Group, 2003). This definition left me thinking and
Sexual Harassment in school usually occurs during passing, recess, or during lunch. Sexual harassment can range from a quick glance to a hoot or whistle. In many cases, one does not know that they are being harassed or harassing someone. Maybe a friend tells you a dirty joke or someone who you see everyday and who you do not know gives you an unusual smile. Do you feel offended by the joke? Are you uncomfortable with the person giving you a smile? Some may say that this is more of a paranoia problem and then just push it aside, but in most cases, it is not.
Sexual Harassment Laws Sexual harassment is one of the biggest problems facing our schools and businesses today. A week rarely goes by without a reminder of the pervasiveness of sexual harassment as a social problem. The definition of sexual harassment is any unwanted or inappropriate sexual attention. That includes touching, looks, comments, or gestures. A key part of sexual harassment is that it is one sided and unwanted.