Understanding the Self- a Comparison of Descartes and Augustine

In the Confessions by Saint Augustine, this great philosopher experiences many problems and emotions related to sin and evil. As a boy, he often felt darkness, blindness, and confusion while attempting to find rest in God. Augustine started out in childhood with a restless heart because he had to live in two different worlds. These worlds consisted of his mother’s Christian faith, and the world of everything else. These two worlds confused and disturbed Augustine as a child. Augustine’s father was pagan and his mother was Christian, and they both wanted him to be very successful in the world. As he became confused, he began asking questions that could not be answered such as, “Humans often feel restless, but what is it they need to feel at

Augustine’s different writings, primarily in his confessions, he demonstrates that faith and reason are simultaneously gained and understood. With the true form of one comes the truth of the other. This is somewhat evident when looking over Augustine’s life and his different religions. Near the start of Augustine’s search for great intellect, he first sought the Bible. Augustine read parts of the scripture and was expected to find something similar to the writing of Cicero: elegant and beautiful constructed Latin, which at the time, the Bible was not. He found the text and religion itself distasteful as he was unimpressed with the supposed role models of history. What Augustine failed to see at the time, something he later remarked on, was that the beauty of God’s word was not found simply in the way the text was written (though there are many psalms written in beautiful literary fashion) but in the life found within the message. Nevertheless, Augustine found no sustenance in the words he read, and he moved

This is joy grounded in you, O God, who are the truth, ‘my illumination, the salvation of my face, my God.’” Repeatedly examples of the paradoxical nature of the Christian God are presented in Saint Augustine’s Confessions. But the unquenchable thirst for answers to these paradoxes that Saint Augustine exhibits are merely illustrations of man’s longing for truth. Saint Augustine himself laments over the yearning he felt for truth. In fact, it was this desire that led him to the Manicheans. But if God is truth and truth leads to God then how did the pursuit of truth lead Augustine so far astray for so long? The answer lies in the wickedness of human nature; man spends all his life searching for truth, yet although his soul craves it, his mind longs to control and perverse it. Saint Augustine journeyed far and wide, and spent years digging through books and papers trying to find the truth his soul craved. But he continued to ignore and snub God because he wanted that truth on his own terms and not on the terms of a divine and supreme being. Often man denies the presence of a superior being even when the inner void and the truths of the

Descartes’s mission in the meditations was to doubt everything and that what remained from his doubting could be considered the truth. This lead Descartes to argue for the existence of God. For the purpose of this paper, I will first discuss Descartes’s argument for the existence of God. I will then take issue with Descartes’s argument first with his view on formal reality and varying levels of reality, then with his argument that only God can cause the idea of God. I will then conclude with

In Augustine’s Confessions, he confesses many things of which we are all guilty; the greatest of which is his sadness of not having a relationship with God earlier in his life. He expressed to us that to neglect a relationship with God is far worse than the pity he felt for Dido. In reviewing his life, he had come to examine life and how there are temptations in this world that can keep us distracted. He tells to us how he became aware of this fact; everything is negligible except love for God, and his own guilt at not having found this truth sooner.

In Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes is seeking to find a system of stable, lasting and certain knowledge, which he can ultimately regard as the Truth. In his methodical quest to carry out his task, Descartes eventually arrives at the proverbial fork in the road: how to bridge the knowledge of self with that of the rest of the world. Descartes’ answer to this is to prove the existence of God. The purpose of this essay will be to state and explain Descartes' Third Meditation: Proof of God's Existence by identifying relevant concepts and terminology and their relationship to each other and examining each premise as well as the conclusion of the proof and finally

My intent in this essay is to illustrate that the arguments regarding the existence of God and the fear of deception in Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, are quite weak and do not justify his conclusions. To support these claims, I will begin by outlining two specific meditations and explain the proposed arguments. Later, I will critically analyze his arguments, revealing unjust conclusions. Doubts surrounding the text include the suggested characteristics of God, the condition of perfection, and the nature of deceit. A wrap up will include a discussion on whether or not Descartes (also referred to as Renatus) succeeded in his project.

At the beginning of Meditation three, Descartes has made substantial progress towards defeating skepticism. Using his methods of Doubt and Analysis he has systematically examined all his beliefs and set aside those which he could call into doubt until he reached three beliefs which he could not possibly doubt. First, that the evil genius seeking to deceive him could not deceive him into thinking that he did not exist when in fact he did exist. Second, that his essence is to be a thinking thing. Third, the essence of matter is to be flexible, changeable and extended.

As a thinking entity, Descartes is a consciousness mind aware of the potential to engage in various modes of existence. To the numerous operations of “thought” he includes doubting, understanding, affirming, denying, willing, refusing, imagining, and sensing. As varied and manifold as these operations appear, they are but expressions of two principal types of conscious activity, to which Descartes eventually traces the nature of error. Thinking and reasoning, together with all belief in general, depend upon the operation of the twin faculties “knowing” and “choosing,” or the free will. Garrett Thompson writes:

St. Augustine is a man with a rational mind. As a philosopher, scholar, and teacher of rhetoric, he is trained in and practices the art of logical thought and coherent reasoning. The pursuits of his life guide him to seek concrete answers to specific questions. Religion, the practice of which relies primarily on faith—occasionally blind faith—presents itself as unable to be penetrated by any sort of scientific study or inquiry. Yet, like a true scientist and philosopher, one of the first questions St. Augustine poses in his Confessions is: “What, then, is the God I worship” (23)? For a long time, Augustine searches for knowledge about God as a physical body, a particular entity—almost as if the Lord

In the First Meditation, Descartes invites us to think skeptically. He entices us with familiar occasions of error, such as how the size of a distant tower can be mistaken. Next, an even more profound reflection on how dreams and reality are indistinguishable provides suitable justification to abandon all that he previously perceived as being truth. (18, 19) By discarding all familiarity and assumptions, Descartes hopes to eliminate all possible errors in locating new foundations of knowledge. An inescapable consequence of doubting senses and prior beliefs

Rene Descartes Meditations is known to be one of his most famous works, it has also shown to be very important in Philosophical Epistemology. Within the meditation’s he provides many arguments that remove pre-existing notions, and bring it to the root of its foundation which Descartes, then will come up with his indubitable foundation of knowledge to defeat any doubt and to prove God is real. Descartes was a “foundationalist”, by introducing a new way of knowledge and with clearing up how people thought about things prior. Descartes took knowledge to its very foundations, and from there he can build up from it. In this essay, I will be discussing Descartes, and analyzing his first two meditations and arguing that he does indeed succeed in his argument.

In the beginning Augustine explores his faith by trying to pray to God. He begins to ask himself how one should pray to God without knowing who he is or what he is. How does one pray to the right God and how does one know whether or not they are listening. “Grant me Lord to know and understand which comes first- to call upon you or to praise to you, and whether knowing you precedes calling upon you. But who calls upon you when he does not know you?” (3). Augustine then learns that order to learn to how to pray he must understand and explore different faiths, until he finds the one that is most compelling to his own beliefs. While exploring his faith, Augustine begins to wonder why he can not seem to have faith while to the people that surround

This idea states that in order to find evidence for something, one must first believe in that something. He also believes in direct insight, which can be defined as a personal experience that encourages faith before reason. Secularism is not allowed in Augustine’s world. The lover of God lives by faith and hopes for salvation, the one who lives by reason only lives by presumption and seeks earthly happiness and success.All existence and beauty in this world must come from a single source, that is God and nothing can equal God’s understanding. He did not create us to be independent of him, our reason allows us neither to control our fate. Our fate is death. God is not the cause of everything in the world; natural evil is caused by natural events, and moral evil is caused by human events. Freewill is good in instrumentality so a person must choose to be good. It is our free will given by God that determines our ability to reason. What we think about things depends on our attitude we take toward them. The meaning of life can be found only in God and no other

Frankly, I have never been familiar with Christianity and the idea of God has always been strange to me because being a science nerd, I like to have concrete evidence and explanations. While reading Augustine’s Confessions, I did have an epiphany; I started thinking abstractly of God as essentially the self rather than an actual literal higher being. Augustine utilizes the idea of God to deal with the cognitive dissonance he experiences and so do some of us.