Unemployment Trends around the World

“Unemployment caused by changes in the structure of consumer demands or technology” is considered structural unemployment. “It means that demand for some products declines and the skills of this industry’s workers often become obsolete as well. This results in an extended bout of unemployment while new skills are developed.

Unemployment refers to the numbers of people not working and can be measured by the claimant count and labour force survey. There are different types of unemployment and each of them requires different policies to overcome them.

One of the major causes for unemployment is the rising population. In the last few decades, there is a gigantic amount of increase in population rate in every country. This leads us to a situation where for every job opportunities, there are several people qualified for it and deciding to acquire it. However, only few people are selected and the rest of them remain unemployed. The overpopulation has also increased the demand for resources and to satisfy those demands, there is a rapid

I want to pursue this question, because the issue of unemployment is very crucial to any society in the world. It is a major indicator of economic and social prosperity. John Maynard Keynes describes it as "one of the principle faults of capitalism".

Unemployment is the failure of a person to find jobs. (Schiller, 2006) This means that an unemployed person is one that is capable of working and is actively seeking for a job but is unable to find employment, which means that, this person is an active member of the labor force in search for job opportunities but unable to find one. This excludes full time students and homemakers who are not vigorously looking for jobs. Unemployment

A political issue that the United Kingdom is currently facing is the increase of unemployment which is positively helping the economy, as a result. The number of citizens not working in the UK decreased by 63,000 to 2.33 million in only three months to January 2014, according to official figures. (BBC) This is clearly a significant current event in UK at the moment because 7.2% of their population is without a job. The unemployment rate in Scotland fell to 6.9%, in Wales it was 6.7% while in Northern Ireland it was 7.5%. (BBC) Interestingly, I found that the Prime Minister David Cameron tweeted: "Another significant fall in unemployment is a sign our long-term economic plan is working, providing security and chances for hard-working people."(BBC) In other words, the rising rate of unemployment is not necessarily a clear indicator of a shattered economy. A large portion of the “unemployed” are self-employed businessmen or entrepreneurs working on their own ventures and have found new ways of producing a steady income within the British economy. Ultimately, the economic history and politics of this nation have been originated by Parliament and are the primary cause for the rapid growth in the business market right now.

This research project does also include quantitative secondary research methods, with statistics over the unemployment rate for all of the European countries. This is a research, which has already been carried out by EU.

There are three types of unemployment: frictional, structural and cyclical unemployment. Frictional unemployment includes workers who are in between jobs, searching for jobs or waiting to take jobs in a short period of time. For instance, people who left one job for another, or were fired and are looking for reemployment, or had to left work temporarily either because seasonal demand or personal situation. Frictional unemployment is inevitable but in some cases can be beneficial because some of the “workers who are voluntarily between jobs are moving from low-paying, low-productivity jobs to higher-paying, higher-productivity positions” (McConnell, 596). Structural unemployment includes workers whose skills are either not demanded or not sufficient for employment, and workers who “cannot move to locations where jobs are available” (McConnell, G29). Structural unemployment

Unemployment is a serious issue for an economy, unemployment happens basically when an individual is looking for an employment and can’t get a job. He or she is considered unemployed.

The purpose of this essay is to consider the diverse types of unemployment that our global economy present, and how they influence its population. According to the theories of unemployment, there are three leading categories: Structural, Frictional, and Cyclical unemployment. First, Structural Unemployment refers to the mismatch between the number of people searching for jobs and the number of jobs available. It is due to the deficiency of skills or simply the incorrect area preferred to work of the workforce. It materializes when the quantity of labor supply exceeds the quantity of labor demanded. Second, Frictional Unemployment is continuously present in the economy; it is also called search unemployment. It arises when workers lose their current job and are in the process of finding another one. It is caused because unemployed workers may not always select the first job offer they receive because of the wages and required skills, also be caused by workers who will quit their jobs in order to move to different parts of the country. Thirdly, Cyclical Unemployment is attributed to economic contraction. When this transpires, there are more unemployed workers than job opportunities due to the collapse of the economy. With this in mind, I will scrutinize the distinctive circumstances of Marcelle, Dominic, Francine and Beauvoir, who are all at the present unemployed, and then I will analyze their eligibility for unemployment benefits.

Unemployment is a situation that occurs when people are without employment and actively seeking work. The measure of the prevalence of the rate of employment is known as unemployment rate. The International Labor Organization defines unemployment rate as a percentage of the total workforce. The total work force comprises of individuals who want to or waiting to start work. This excludes those who are disabled or retired. There are various causes of employment such as a reduction in aggregate demand and failure of the labor market to provide jobs. Unemployment affects individuals and the economy. The effects of unemployment on the individual include depression and loss of human capital. Its effects on the economy are a rise in inflation and economic recessions (Broman, Hamilton & Hoffman, 1990).

The number of people unemployed is defined by economists as “those of working age who are without work, but who are available for work at current wage rates.” If the number of people who are unemployed is worked out but needs to be displayed as a percentage, then it is a percentage of the total labour force. According to Sloman, the labour force is defined as: “those in employment (including the self-employment, those in the armed forces and those on government training schemes) plus those unemployed.” According to the Labour Force Survey the rate of unemployment is estimated to be 5.9% for the period of July-September 2015 which is the most recent figure to date. This rate of unemployed fell by 0.6% from the previous quarter.

A report evaluating the Unemployment in EU with specific focus in the UK for the last 3-4 years.

Unemployment is a major issue in almost every country in the world, it comes from the state of being unemployed, being unemployed means you are willing and able to work but cannot find a job for job related reasons. There are many causes of unemployment but the main ones are cyclical, frictional, structural, seasonal (Gillepsie, 2011). Cyclical unemployment occurs from economic downturns such as recessions, when there is a recession a company might want to eliminate some workers so that they would cut down costs so that’s how the unemployment occurs. Seasonal unemployment is unemployment due to variations in the seasons, for example, farmers who grown strawberries, because strawberries are summer fruits they only grow in the summer so the farmers would be unemployed throughout the whole year except for the summer and they wont be able to help it only if they start farming crops that would grow throughout the year. Frictional unemployment occurs due to “moving from one job to another” (Pennington, 2008). Structural unemployment happens when there is a change in the economy for example a change in technology; technology plays a huge role in our lives today and nowadays machines are replacing human labour so that causes unemployment. Unemployment results in discouraged workers and marginally attached workers. Marginally attached workers are people who once held productive jobs but have stopped looking for work and discouraged workers are a subset of marginally attached workers

According to one article, “Structural unemployment occurs when certain industries decline because of long term changes in market conditions” ("Unemployment types", 2017). More specifically, as Amadeo states, structural unemployment occurs when “Factories move to cheaper locations” (2017) and more efficient options (such as newer technologies, more skilled employees, etc.) are undertaken. Moving on to the minor types, surplus, being the first, is “caused by minimum wage laws, unions and wage/price controls. When wages are set at a high level, unemployment often results” (Amadeo, 2017). The second minor type is demand deficient unemployment. When there is less demand for a particular product, “firms sell less and so reduce production. If they are producing less, this leads to lower demand for workers” (Pettinger, “Demand Deficient Unemployment”, 2017). Therefore, as the name implies, this is caused by an unmet demand when compared to the people in that specific line of work. The third minor, but also major, type is full employment, which is known to be “devoid of cyclical or deficient-demand unemployment” ("Full Employment", 2017), according to one source, and is not simply, as the name suggests, where everyone has a job. In addition, “full employment means that unemployment has fallen to the lowest possible level without provoking inflation” (Palmer, 2016). Regional unemployment is the fourth minor type, being impacted by structural unemployment and,