Unemployment in Macroeconomics

An increase in the unemployment rate means that more individuals do not have an income, thus meaning many households suffer reduced disposable funds. This causes a decrease in the level of aggregate demand within the economy and therefore reduces economic growth. This in turn causes a slower circular flow of income, meaning that households may be forced into or past poverty, as a result of the lowered income generated, reducing the living standards and quality of life. The downturn experienced by the economy can also offset many individuals seeing them not wanting to return back to the workforce due to the lack of jobs available, making them long-term unemployed rather than cyclically unemployed, or if the firm initially was promoting structural change, structurally unemployed. Combined with poverty, the aspect of unemployment can lead to other severe mental health issues and illness reaching extremes.

in structure of demand for products of different industries, elimination of outdated industries and professions. For instance, unemployment is caused by foreign competition or Cathy lost her job as a cashier due to the creation and use of self-bill out counters. Structural unemployment exists where there were unemployed workers may be short of technical capacity of talent and the claim of the new job opportunities. They are employed but at the same time are unemployed at other time. When a season’s occupation is not a demand occurs. Ski resort unemployment is may be higher in the summer because there snow.

The largest cause of unemployment can be attributed to recession. The term recession refers to the backward movement of the economy for a long period. People spend only when they have to. (Nagle 2009). With people spending less there would be less money in circulation therefore, enterprises would suffer financially and people would suffer too. This is so because recession reduces the fiscal bases of enterprises, forcing these enterprises to reduce their workforce through layoffs. These enterprises lay off their workers in order to cut the costs they incur in terms of wage and salary payments.

There are three different kinds of unemployment that affect our economy: frictional, cyclical and structural. Frictional unemployment occurs when there is a time laps between being employed and looking for work. This term can also be referred to as search employment because it is the time spent searching for a place of employment. One example of this would be a student taking time off of work to finish college and get a 4 year degree. Usually, it takes a lot of time and dedication to finish the last years of school, so some students tend to go to school full time and work part time or not at all. This type of unemployment is also classified as voluntary unemployment because this period of unemployment is at the discretion of the person to some small degree. Secondly, there is cyclical unemployment which changes depending on the business need; for example, workers are laid off when business is bad - then

Unemployment is considered the key indicator of a nation's economy and high unemployment rates will send shock waves through the economy. Unemployed individuals don't have expendable income which translates to a cut back in non-necessary spending which means a loss of sales tax revenue. The fewer individuals with decent paying jobs translate into fewer individuals making investments due to fear of financial security. Nations that are not financially stable creates a financial system with little confidence within the marketplace which will lead to a downturn in stock market value. Unemployed individuals are not paying state and federal taxes but instead sucking money out of the economy. Unemployed people will utilize unemployment insurance which will increase state deficits. Increases in unemployment insurance claims cause states to raise taxes to make up for the lost revenue created from unemployment. 45% of mortgage foreclosures is created by unemployment. Unemployment propels bankruptcy rates and foreclosure rates to rise. High foreclosure rates will lead to home values to fall. The impact of poverty is vast as nations have to raise taxes to absorb the impact which will create an economic spiral which will decrease investment, drive down the stock market value, slow spending due to concerns about financial security which translates to poor economic growth (Hudson,

Unemployment is far more vital to the economy and plays a huge role in keeping our economic system revolving across the United States. The percentage of unemployed workers in the labor force as a whole distinguishes what the national unemployment represents. Unemployment is predominantly brought to the attention of the public when the economy is in distress and is widely debated between economists trying to dispute their apprehensions. Disconcerting issues consist of those who are unemployed losing wages that support their families, which in turn causes the nation as a whole to lose its contribution to the economy. When the unemployed lose their purchasing power, firms may begin layoffs, causing a cascading effect of catastrophe through

With there being a variety of labels for unemployment I believe that frictional unemployment best describes what the U.S. is experiencing. Frictional unemployment is can be viewed as more of a desirable state of unemployment because it was chosen by the person themselves. Frictional unemployment typically doesn’t last for long periods of time, but instead a short period of time. The individuals that fall under this type of employment are normally waiting for accept a job soon or they could be searching for a job. It may not sound like the best decision to make, but it has been found that most individuals move to better positions. This type of employment benefits both the employee and the employer because the employer has a qualified worker

Firstly Cyclical unemployment or demand deficient unemployment is caused by a lack of spending throughout the economy and generally affects all sectors of the economy because spending is falling. To overcome this, the government needs to introduce policies which seek to boost spending throughout the economy. An example would be a loosening of monetary policy and cutting interest rates which make borrowing for individuals and businesses cheaper. They borrow money which is then spent in the economy which

The Bureau of Labor and Statistics measures unemployment twice a month. This branch of government conduct surveys to establish the number of people unemployed. People are un-employed for various reasons. The Bureau classifies them as long term unemployed, marginally attached to the labor force, part time for economic reasons and discouraged workers. People that are not working for twenty seven weeks or more are considered long term unemployed. If an in-dividual has looked for a job in the past twelve

This paper is about how the high unemployment rate has an affect on the economy. The high unemployment rate had an affect on the Gross Domestic Production as well how it had an affect on the economy as well. This paper covers when the Gross Domestic Production went up the unemployment rate had gone down as well. The high unemployment rate also had direct ties to the economy, because if people are not working they are not going to spend money on house hold goods which is what drives the economy.

The causes of unemployment are diverse, at present we are faced with different types of unemployment which are as follows: 1. Voluntary unemployment this shows people who are reluctant to work at the current wage rate. Voluntary unemployment is a national waste of human energy which is

Cyclical unemployment is the most problematic due to the general decline of the gross domestic product which means the current economy is weak. Currently, in the United States, the household, business, and government sectors are buying fewer goods and services. This is causing a slowdown in the economy. As a result, there is will a significant increase on the cyclical unemployment.

Cyclical unemployment is another form of unemployment that results when there is a decline in growth and production within the business cycle. When consumer demand declines, employers will lay off employees that are not needed. Only fewer employees are required to meet the lower standard of production volume. For example, an auto maker company loses consumer demand. Employers will lay off some of their auto workers because only a fewer number of employees would be able to manufacture a lower production of cars.

If we look at this issue in general as a worldwide problem, unemployment is a vastly growing issue worldwide. It can be very damaging for a country’s economy and as well as very hurtful for a country’s reputation. Unemployment describes the health of an economy, the higher the rate of unemployment the worse is a country’s economy. Many people actively search for jobs in today’s world and when unemployment rate is high they are unable to find jobs that will provide them with decent paychecks.

According to one article, “Structural unemployment occurs when certain industries decline because of long term changes in market conditions” ("Unemployment types", 2017). More specifically, as Amadeo states, structural unemployment occurs when “Factories move to cheaper locations” (2017) and more efficient options (such as newer technologies, more skilled employees, etc.) are undertaken. Moving on to the minor types, surplus, being the first, is “caused by minimum wage laws, unions and wage/price controls. When wages are set at a high level, unemployment often results” (Amadeo, 2017). The second minor type is demand deficient unemployment. When there is less demand for a particular product, “firms sell less and so reduce production. If they are producing less, this leads to lower demand for workers” (Pettinger, “Demand Deficient Unemployment”, 2017). Therefore, as the name implies, this is caused by an unmet demand when compared to the people in that specific line of work. The third minor, but also major, type is full employment, which is known to be “devoid of cyclical or deficient-demand unemployment” ("Full Employment", 2017), according to one source, and is not simply, as the name suggests, where everyone has a job. In addition, “full employment means that unemployment has fallen to the lowest possible level without provoking inflation” (Palmer, 2016). Regional unemployment is the fourth minor type, being impacted by structural unemployment and,