Unit 1 Assignment 2 Biometrics

Biometrics technology aims at utilizing major and distinctive characteristics such as behavioral or biological, for the sake of positively indentifying people. With the help of a combination of hardware and specific identifying sets of rules, a basic human attribute, automated biometric recognition mimics to distinguish and categorize other people as individual and unique. But the challenges surrounding biometrics are great as well.

During the identification phase, the user puts the finger on the same sensor, generating a new fingerprint image or template called query print. Minutiae points are carried out from the query print, and the matcher module compares the set of query minutia with the stored minutia templates or image in the enrollment database to find the number of similar minutia points. Because of variations present in finger placement and pressure applied to the sensor, the minutia points take out from the template and query fingerprints must be lined up, or submitted before matching. After line up the fingerprints, the matcher decides the number of pairs of matching minutiae-two minutiae points that have similar location and directions. The system decides the user's identity by comparing the match score to a

Lee, H. (2001). Advances in Fingerprint Technology, Second Edition, 2nd Edition. Retrieved January 26, 2015, from Vital Source: http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781420041347

Biometrics are important to not only information systems, but to information security as a subject. Today, most information is kept secure via ID cards or secret information, such as a PIN, password, pattern, etc., the downside to this type of security is the lack of a failsafe (Ashok, Shivashankar and Mudiraj)! What would happen if an ID card was lost? Or a PIN, password or pattern was leaked to individuals who were not on a “need to know” basis”? This is where the importance of biometrics comes into play.

About 2 % of the population have poor quality of fingerprint, especially the elder people and manual worker. For these cases one need to consider other biometrics or any other solution.

The automated Fingerprint Identification System is also known as the AFIS within the law enforcement division (FBI, 2010). This system is an important element in the criminal justice system as some of its features encompass the storing of data, encoding, and fingerprint and facial comparison through graphics and other techniques. Law officials many centuries ago in the pursuit of positively identifying someone suspected of guilt have long used fingerprints techniques. Fingerprinting is also used in branches of our government, and in the Pentagon, the authentication method of fingerprints is used permit access to specified zones inside the building. Fingerprints are an effective and very precise method of identification purposes that does not pose

Today, the dominant framework used by fingerprint experts is the ACE-V, short for analysis, comparison, evaluation, and verification . Although the ACE-V frame was developed and fingerprint identification has been exercised for years, the validity of finger printing as a tool of identification remains questionable. To understand this lack of certainty, we can delve into two clear opposing opinions regarding fingerprint identification. Many in the academic

The human fingerprint is fascinating; it is impossible to have two fingerprints that are identical to one another. Although it was realized early on that every person’s fingerprint is unique, the “science” of fingerprinting analysis did not really start until the 1800s (Staff, 2014, p. 1). Dr. Henry Faulds was credited with devising a method for obtaining fingerprints with the use of printer ink (German, 2016, p. 1). However, the identification and fingerprint cards did not become a reality until the early 1900s. It became popular when more and more groups and agencies began to see the value of fingerprinting. In 1946, it is shown that the FBI was in possession of 100 million fingerprint cards, which were all maintained in manual files (German, 2016, p. 1).

The use of computers and fingerprint scanners has been a source of spy thrillers for decades. Recently, fingerprinting has become pretty fascinating technology in the real world. In the past few years, however, finger print scanners have started popping up all over the place, such as in federal, state and local police departments; high-security buildings, the background and clearance process and even on PC keyboards and mobile devices. And while two fingerprints may look similar at a glance, a professional investigator or cutting edge software can pick out clear, defined differences in a fingerprint pattern.

In addition, biometrics can be implemented either on the server or client side of a system. The fact that clients are remotely located challenges its implementation. This is because this type of authentication gives the client responsibility and authority for the authentication (Itakura & Tsujii, 2005). Nonetheless, efforts have been made to strengthen client side authentication such as the inclusion of error-correcting code, fuzzy concepts for behavior profiling, and key generation (Bhatnagar, Lall, & Patney, 2010).

This biometric authentication can't be borrowed, stolen, or forgotten, and forging one is practically impossible. As many as advantages we have while using biometric authentication we also have those many disadvantages. But the major motto of the establishment of Biometric authentication is to completely remove the fraudulent activities​ and give raise to a secure transactions.

Introducing finger print scanning instead of credit cards- replace using credit cards with finger print scanners at all ATM machines and banks, this would be much safer because there is no risk in anyone taking card details and pins therefore reduces the risk of fraud and will save banks a lot of money from having to pay back to those who have been affected from fraud. Year by year card fraud and database hacking is increasing. The main reason being the outdated method of using a card and PIN. Therefore to counteract the information being stolen so easily, this project introduces the idea of integrating Fingerprint Technology into the Banking system. This can be achieved by each bank having its own encryption algorithms for fingerprints unique to its customers and thereafter update ATM machines with attaching fingerprint scanners to them.

One major disadvantage of usual authentication techniques, they can’t confirm that the demand identification of user is from the legal owner [11]. Therefore, there was a need for a kind of technique that can’t be forgotten or lost and can identify users based on their unique characteristic [37]. Biometric is an automated method for easily verifying and recognizing the identity of a living person based on his physiological or behavioral. Biometrics are excellent candidates for providing an extra level of security, especially when used in conjunction with traditional methods for authentication [10].

Abstract—We would like to outline our opinions about the usability of biometric security systems. We outline the position of biometrics in the current field of security in the first section of our paper. The second chapter introduces a more systematic view of the process of biometric authentication – a layer model (of the biometric authentication process). The third section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of biometric authentication systems. We also propose a classification of

That is why majority of secure systems are using fingerprint method alone or in combination with other biometric feature to make systems more secure in this rapidly advancing technology era. That is why in this Mobile Voting systems are identification of voter is based on fingerprints. A database is created containing the fingerprint of all the voters in the constituency. Illegal votes and repetition of votes is checked for in this system. Hence if this system is employed the elections would be fair and free from rigging. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to identify an individual and verify their identity. Extensive research has been done on fingerprints in humans. Two of the fundamentally important conclusions that have risen from research are: (i) a person 's fingerprint will not naturally change structure after about one year after birth and (ii) the fingerprints of individuals are unique. Even the fingerprints in twins are not the same. In practice two humans with the same fingerprint have never been found. In this study, for the fingerprint authentication the minutiae or texture based matching is considered for higher recognition accuracy. This paper is organized as follows: The section II describes the issues of the present voting system, section III discusses the proposed mobile voting system, Section IV describes the gabor filter based fingerprint matching, Section V describes the conclusion.