Unit 13: Physiology of Fluid Balance - P4, P5, M3, D2 Essay

Since, I have been working on my fitness and health goals over the last year, I of course have needed to start drinking more water. Yet, I still have not been able to get myself to drink the daily-recommended amount of water. Therefore, there are a number of reasons that support my reasoning for wanting to increase my daily water intake. For instance, I want to incorporate drinking more water, because I know that it plays such an essential role in a persons overall health. Changing this behavior will ultimately benefit me in now and in the future. Also, not drinking enough water fatigues the body and muscles, especially for those that are actively exercising. Since, I have been incorporating more exercise into my daily routine, it is important that I also incorporate at least the recommended daily water intake if not more. Another significant factor is that water is essential to organ health and function. Therefore, in order for my organs to function properly I must be consuming the proper amount of water. That is why, I would like to make this behavior change in my life now, so that I could live a long and healthy life. As I reflect back on the experiences I encountered while trying to change my water consumption, I have to admit that overall I had a positive experience. I learned a lot about myself, and my own personal

The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to supply oxygen to the body’s cells, remove carbon dioxide and regulate the Ph of the body’s fluids. This system of regulation is called homeostasis. (www.wiki.answers.com, 2013)

In this lab experiment, half our group observed and measured osmosis using dialysis tubes that were represented as the semipermeable membrane. It is permeable to water and other small molecules but is impermeable to larger molecules such as the sucrose solution used in each of the four beakers and tubing. The other half of our group observed the tonicity of sheep blood to determine whether the blood was isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic. The 85 g/dL of NaCl solution was the ideal isotonic number in relation to the sheep blood cells as well as a reference to the other observations of the solutions.

The body needs to maintain equilibrium to function properly in everyday life. The most important substance it must regulate is water; water is everywhere in our body and its balance is essential for proper body function.

1) Make a graph of resting heart rates from Activity 1. Provide a physiological explanation for fluctuations in resting heart rate over time. Discuss a couple of extrinsic factors that influence the autonomic nervous regulation of resting heart rate.

the kidney nephron. What other substances must be transported from the tubular fluid into the PCT cell

1. What two parameters are responsible for creating the movement (filtration and reabsorption) of fluid across the capillary wall?

Explain dysfunction in relation to water balance and its possible treatments (P5) & Discuss dysfunction in relation to water balance and its possible treatments (M3)

D2- Analyse the impact on the human body of the dysfunction in relation to water balance.

There is a complex interrelationship among the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system (Na+, appetite and thirst regulation), the kidneys, and the tissue capillary beds distribution of extracellular fluid volume). Any change at any of these sites affects the function at other sites. There is a basic law of kidneys that Na+ excretion is directly proportional to mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). A marginal increase in MABP causes significant increase in Na+ excretion.

Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP): hydrostatic pressure exerted by fluid within the capsular space of the glomerular capsule, and blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP): osmotic pressure resulting from plasma proteins, oppose the GBHP and create the net filtration pressure (NFP) of 10mmHg under normal conditions. This pressure promotes filtration of water and solutes (Jenkins, Kemnitz and Tortora, 2010). However with the drop of GBHP, the NFP will drop and even the small supply of blood that had not bypassed and entered the capillaries will not be filtered. Change in pressure and levels of solutes will affect other levels such as concentration gradients of solutes and osmotic pressure within the peritubular capillaries, interstitial fluid and renal tubules, which are vital during tubular reabsorption and secretion. As a result, nephron function will

After absorbed in your intestine, water enters your blood and circulates through your body in blood vessels. The blood is pumped by the heart. Proteins in your blood, e.g. albumin, keep water inside the vessel wall. When water reaches the kidney, it will be filtrated and become urine. Any disturbance in this delicate system will result in excessive

Water reabsorption is regulated by vasopressin since its release increases the water permeability of distal tubule and collecting duct cells in the kidney. After stimulation by vasopressin, aquaporin-2 (AQP2) accumulates in the plasma membrane of these target cells on the apical side. Aquaporin-2 is a water channel that allows water to be reabsorbed from the filtrate (urine), returned to the bloodstream and consequently concentrating urine.

there are two stages to the reasporbtion process, first the active or passive extraction of substance from the fluid into the interstitium, then from the interstitium to the bloodsteam were molecules and ions are resorbed through the peritubular capillary back into the blood

Copstead, & Banasik (2013) states, " a loop diuretic, such as furosemide, blocks the Na+-K+-2Cl− pumps in the ascending loop of Henle. The ions, Na+-K+-2Cl−, would normally have been pumped into the interstitium stay in the filtrate and hold water with them. In addition, the maintenance of the high interstitial gradient in the medulla may be impaired. Washout of the gradient reduces the force for water reabsorption from the collecting ducts. " (p. 567).