Unit 3 Objective Lenses

Concept 6.1 Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells 1. The study of cells has been limited by their small size, and so they were not seen and described until 1665, when Robert Hooke first looked at dead cells from an oak tree. His contemporary, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, crafted lenses and with the improvements in optical aids, a new world was opened. Magnification and resolving power limit what can be seen. Explain the difference. Magnification is the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size. Resolution is a measure of the clarity of the image; it is the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished

It was then during the 1950’s that Zacharias Jansen and his father, Han Jansen, created the first high-powered compound light microscope. Images could be magnified up to 9x which was a novel feat at that time. Zacharias and his father created the device after experimenting with glasses and discovered that by placing multiple lens in a tube they could increase magnification. Unfortunately, the microscope lacked the high resolution we have come to expect in modern-day light microscopes. The images produced by the Hans’ primitive microscope was extremely blurry and had limited

The digital microscope Keyence VHX-5000 is a method, which is easy to handle and supports research with high-resolution images and the calculation of 3D-surface-models. Several functions make it easy and quick to work with: The 3D-function also allows clear 2D images of a rough surface, because all levels are focused automatically and a sharp image of all levels will be created. This function makes it easy to analyse deep cuts, which can be only partially focused in light microscopy or electron microscopy. To calculate a 3D- surface-model the lower and upper border of the depth of interest has to be determined, by focusing on these levels. Between these borders a level difference of five microns were chosen. In other words, after every scan the lens moves five microns from the sample away.

What we consider the modern microscope can be traced back to Holland in the 1590s. Hans and Zacharis Jensen, a father and son team of spectacles makers, are usually listed as the original inventors. Their microscope was simple by today’s standards; it included three sliding tubes with lens at both ends that opened up to eighteen inches when fully extended. The magnification power was generally considered to be about nine times. Even though the objects were magnified, they were blurry. Croft, the author of Under the Microscope: A Brief History of Microscopy, explains that the early devices had severe chromatic aberrations, which consist of color halos surrounding the object making clear viewing problematic. Over the course of the 17th and 18th centuries vast improvements occurred in the field of microscopy including magnification, size, and clarity. Microscopes were to become more portable, and less expensive allowing them to become a instrument commonly found in drawing

The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with the lighted microscope, how to prepare a wet mount, and understand taking measurements in the metric system and its conversions.

A cheap microscope can become frustrating for the student, therefore find a local school auction for a high end microscope at a reasonable price. A pair of binoculars is also an asset when exploring the outdoors.

OBJECTIVE: To gain functional knowledge of microscope operations through practical applications of a microscope in the observation of bacteria and blood.

All the instruments are designed with seven degrees of motion that mimic the dexterity of the human hand and wrist. Also, Each instrument has a specific surgical function such as clamping, stitching and tissue cutting. Quick-release levers speed instrument changes during operations.

Under x-ray and fluoroscopic control, the micro-instruments (mini forceps, mini curettes, trephines, rasps, burrs, and mini cutters), the discectome and the laser probe are used for disc removal.

ISO stands for International Standards Organization, which standardizes the camera sensitivity ratings. Changing the ISO setting adjusts the sensitivity of the sensor to light. ISO can also be adjusted to obtain good exposure. As the ISO increases, the camera becomes more sensitive, thus the image taken at ISO 12900 appears grainier as compared to the image taken at ISO 100.

Engineering Project Robert Lauv Period 3 Science Fair Project Research Report Magnification is one of the world's greatest inventions. It made people learn about the creatures that are too small for the human eye to see normally. But sometimes, the image given by magnification is unclear. And here is a solution: colored magnifying lens. Colored glasses lens change the way people see, so why not improvise and add that feature to magnifying glasses? (not saying to create prescription magnifying glasses) One of the most basic tools for magnification is the magnifying glass, invented by Alhazen and used for scientific studies by Roger Bacon. The magnifying glass is a tool used to make things appear bigger. They are made of a convex lenses,

Procedure: First, set up the microscope. Clean the ocular lenses and objectives with lens paper. Then pace the prepared e slide on the stage and make adjustments. Turn the rotating nosepiece until the 10x objective is above the ring of light coming through the slide. Move the slide using the X and Y stage knobs until the specimen is within the view. Adjust the focus by looking into the eyepiece and focusing the specimen with the coarse then fine focus knobs. Adjust diaphragm until there is sufficient light

Most microscopes, including those in schools and laboratories today, are optical microscopes. They use glass lenses to enlarge, or magnify, an image. An optical microscope cannot produce an image of an object smaller than the length of the light wave in use. To see anything smaller than 2,000 angstroms (about 1/250,000 of an inch) a wave of shorter length would

What tool do you have to use to look at things up closer when they are too small? __________

intermediate representation; thus facilitating the visualization of the material inside. By specifying a proper transfer