Unit 4 P2

The lead in the environment is formed naturally in the earth’s crust mainly as Lead Sulphide. The main exposure channels of lead entering the environment through atmospheric lead is predominantly from automobile emissions. Other lead exposure routes include lead-acid batteries, paint chips, fertilizers, utilized ammunition, pesticides, and other industrial byproducts. The means of conveying lead from key emission sources is mainly through the air. Concerning the sources of lead in drinking water, normally lead reaches into the residents’ water after it is channeled from their water treatment plant or the wells. To be more precise, the source of lead in people’s water supply largely emanates from their households’ pipes or lead solder from plumbing. The most typical cause of the lead formation is from the corrosion reaction by the lead pipes or solders and the water. The acidity as a result of the low pH, dissolved oxygen, and little mineral contents in the water are main reasons of the corrosion. The lead amounts in the water become high if the water spends a long duration of time stagnated inside the old pipes.

P4 explanation of the policies and procedures used by the college for managing it security issues

Welding must be done carefully to avoid contamination and machining must be done precisely. Titanium is very reactive to atmospheric gases and can result in degradation in the material. Titanium is weldable in annealing conditions but provide limited weld ductility and heat affected zone ductility. It can also be significantly strengthened by cold working.

4For this assignment I have selected East Berkshire college. I have carried out research into the environment and internal characteristics of this organisation addressing the following:

Overall, the 1018 and 1045 steel specimens displayed similar relationships between the heat-treating procedures. The 1045 steel had a greater tensile strength in all states except for the quenched state. In general, the 1018 steel specimens were more ductile than the 1045 steel specimens in all states.

As the company built societies outside of the company it is a good advantage fort hem, becayse building societies are also able to offer loans, business accounts, commercial mortgages and overdraft facillities based on the business plan of Media markt.

Throughout history one metal has shaped and molded civilizations. The first metal that comes to many people’s minds is that of gold, used for coinage, art, and display of power; however, the metal that literally has shaped civilizations from that of the Roman Empire to twentieth century America is lead. Over the course of thousands of years, lead refining methods allowed for it to become part of everyday life ranging from glassware to plumbing, to bullets and batteries. Despite its negative health effects, lead still plays an important role in modern life as it is used sparingly for the production of munitions, and solder, with more than 75% of lead being used for lead-acid batteries. Furthermore, many developing countries throughout the

Alloys are often made in order to alter the mechanical properties of the base metal, to induce hardness, toughness, ductility, or other desired properties. While most metals and alloys can be work hardened by inducing defects in their crystal structure, caused by plastic deformation, some alloys can also have their properties altered by heat treatment. Nearly all metals can be softened by annealing, which repairs the crystal defects, but not as many can be hardened by controlled heating and cooling. Many alloys of aluminum, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened to some degree by some method of heat treatment, but few respond to this to the same degree that steel does.

Iron and steel is most often forged. Forging can be carried out to form small or large components or work pieces. Hot die forging allows easier manipulation of the metal while cold die forging allows better surface finishes. Open die forging occurs when the unrestricted metal is compressed between two dies. Impression die forging occurs when the cavities of the die restrict the metal flow causing a distinct geometrical shape to be formed. When no metal flows out of the die and all of the metal is constrained within the die, flashless forging occurs as there is no excess or flash. Disadvantages are that stress points can be formed in the metal resulting in failure of the

Lead pipes or fittings are a culprit in the current water crises in Flint, Baltimore and other cities.Many old water pipes are made of lead, which may leach into the water supply if

The mainly different of these two steel sheets is in the heating even they were both made from hot-dip coating process. For the galvanized coating, there is only zinc on a galvanized coating with roughly 0.20 to 0.30% aluminum in the coating. The adding aluminum purpose is to increase the adhesion between the coating and the steel substrate during forming operations. On the other hand, the coating surface of final product on galvannealed steel sheet is an alloy composed of 90% zinc and 10% iron. Its process is started by heating up to approximately 538 to 565°C by passing through a furnace directly above the coating bath and holding strip at this temperature for a specific period of time. The diffusion of molten zinc and iron from the steel strip. The total amount of diffusion depends on time and heating cycle which affects to the final iron concentration.

Many techniques exist to affect the surface properties of materials without altering chemical composition, referred to as surface hardening. Commonly this is done by flame hardening, induction hardening and shot peening. Additionally, surfaces can be hardened by

Lead poisoning was very important during the 16th and 19th centuries due to its widespread use in pottery, pipes, boat building, manufacture of windows, arms industry, pigments and printing of books. Many of these uses declined or disappeared throughout the 19th century, but also introduced new ones. Its use was increased tremendously because of its applications for improving the octane rating of gasoline by the addition of tetraethyl lead. Further its uses like that in glass containers for cooking or the use of paint with lead compounds, the manufacturing of lead storage batteries etc., have further increase its uses. In present times zinc and lead are two of the most common heavy metals released from road travel, accounting for at least 90 percent of the total metals in road runoff.

Metals are rarely used in their pure form, but mixing different metals together you can achieve the perfect material for

Usually, the original materials are not suitable for some applications. Therefore, to achieve some goals of material, we need to process the original materials. By the heat treatment, cold works, and chemical processes, material processing can change the properties of the original materials (Materials Processing, n.d.). For example, we do different heat treatments to steels to obtain different hardness types of steels. According to Totten, annealing is the process that we heat the steel to the critical point and turn off the heat. We keep the steel in the furnace until the steel completely cool down to the room temperature (Totten, 1997). The purpose is to make the distribution of the components uniform in the steel. This process can improve the mechanical properties of the steel, such as making steel softer to machining and protecting steel from deforming. Normalizing refers that we leave the heated steel in the air after the steel reached the critical point (Totten, 1997). Similar to annealing, the purpose of normalizing treatment is also making components in the steel uniformly distributed, whereas the distributional performance is not as good as annealing heat treatment. Normalizing treatment can also make the steel softer in order to process. Quenching is that we cool down the steel in a short time after the steel reached the critical point, such as quenching steel in water (Totten, 1997). The reason we do quenching is that it can increase the hardness and