Unit 4

In this society, organ transplant surgery has been perfected to where no risk is present. However, organs still have a high demand with low supply. In addition, the only people eligible to receive organs are those who came to their ailment at no fault of their own. In other words, they did not smoke, drink, or eat in manners that caused their diseased organs. The people who donate organs have to be perfectly healthy as well to eliminate unhealthy organs for donation.

Discuss and contrast reversible and nonreversible cell injury. As per your analysis, what type of cell injury did Mr. Smith sustain and why? Include pathophysiological processes involved with cell injury.

The experiment had partially failed. Much of the organs and musculature had begun to fail beyond saving after

Over decades, lung cancer globally continues to be the leading killer in both genders. In the United States, smoking is responsible for 90% lung cancer deaths in men and about 80% in women. About 15 decades ago, lung cancer was not considered as the leading killer because it was an extremely rare disease about 1% in total of cancer cases. However, by the year 1927, the percentage increased into 14%. During World War I, many soldiers and civilians started smoking to release stress. Eventually, that made the lung cancer rate and smoking addiction in the population started to increase. In a research that published in 2001, lung cancer annually kills over one million people worldwide (Witschi, 2001). The death rate, which caused by lung cancer,

Smoking The incidence of lung cancer is strongly correlated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung

I decided to do my cancer research paper on Lung cancer because a lot of people i know smoke . There are many ways to get Lung cancer as in smoking, or being around someone who is smoking (2nd hand smoking). Smoking is responsible for over 80% of deaths and 2nd hand for many more. This cancer can cause you to have trouble breathing, coughing up blood, changes in voice, or pain in chest, shoulders, or back.

Phillip Morris is a 64-year-old, pack a day smoker for 20 years, with a complaint of shortness of breath and a productive yellow cough for three days. He also has a three-year history of progressive renal failure. Currently, he is receiving care at a local intensive care unit with a diagnosis of pneumonia and sepsis. His physical exam and vital signs reveal an elevated temperature, low blood pressure with elevated heart rate, decreased breath sounds, and respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute. His arterial blood gas (ABG) results include a potential of hydrogen (pH) of 7.18, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) of 52 mm Hg, bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 19 mEq/L, sodium (Na+) of 138 mEq/L, chloride (Cl-) of 105 mEq/L, and creatinine clearance of 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. The following paragraphs will discuss the pathophysiology of Mr. Morris’s case.

The effects of tobacco smoke on these essential function are devastating. The Pharynx, Trachea and Larynx take the initial damage, causing irritation to these areas. From there reduced lung function and due to swelling and narrowing of the lung airways. The body’s natural defense would be to expel the toxins by creating more mucus but this backs up the clearance systems due to overwhelming production of this natural resource. These effects are the most notable and outward facing effects. Visible signs are smoker’s cough, wheezing, shortness of breath and low energy, excess mucus and spitting. Tar, Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Metals and Radioactive compounds are all introduced to this system through the use of cigarettes. Each one of these toxins breaks down the natural production of

(2015) reported that “nicotine acts via 3 major mechanisms, producing physiological and pathological effects on a variety of organ systems.

My uncle Willis smoked cigarettes for most of his life that was until he got emphysema. This disease makes it difficult or impossible to breathe on your own. He had to have an oxygen tank with him everywhere he went. He could not do things like normal people could do, there is only so much you can do with an oxygen tank by your side constantly. He died two years back due to this disease, he did not have a long life like he should have because he smoked cigarettes and that was the outcome of making that choice. This paper will discuss what is in a cigarette, being affected by cigarettes, and the side effects from quitting.

Smoking tobacco is one of the most common bad habits in the worldwide. A large amount of data has been collected on the issues of tobacco and overall health globally. The relationship between tobacco use and health initially comes from professional clinical observations about lung cancer, the first disease linked to tobacco use. Many people are not able to stop their addiction of smoking due to the fact that tobacco contains a common drug called nicotine that makes smokers feel as if they need to smoke all the time in order to function normally. Nicotine is a substance that is found in tobacco. It is also found in all tobacco products such as: cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and cigars. Cigarette smoking is regarded as a major health risk factor in the development of lung cancer, which it has been proven that is the main cause of cancer deaths in men and women in the United States and the world.

The biology of a human body consists of multiple systems which function continuously since birth until death, and these sophisticated functions are those which kept a single human being to continue living. The examples of the systems are the excretory system, the endocrine system, and the cardiovascular system. To carry out the complex process of life, some organs have multiple functions in different, interrelated systems, and an example of these multifunctional organs is the kidney. The kidney is an appendage of the human body that works on many vital functions including the excretory system, the endocrine system, and control of body electrolyte and fluid equilibrium. When something wrong happens to the kidney, the impact will be big and the disease will be very complex due to its building structure. In this study, the discussion of the disease is facilitated by dividing them into those that affect its four parts; namely glomeruli, tubules, interstitium and blood vessels. Irrespective of whatever the causes that might take place, chronic kidney disease, more commonly abbreviated as CKD, ultimately cause damage on all four components of the kidney. This leads to the final result of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) (1).

There was a time when scientists invented a medical procedure to cure cancer and the procedure includes replacing of human organs from that of a pig. Patient D was the first subject to undergo this kind of procedure. He is a 56-year old man and is diagnosed with colon cancer which made his health to be in a critical condition. The doctors removed his colon and replaced it with a pig’s colon. After that procedure, he regained and improved his health. Without further testing the hypothesis, the scientists immediately advertised the treatment until most people have undergone the surgery because it became a major hit. After a few weeks, the side-effects started to appear. All the patients that had undergone the surgery changed their diet. They

Lung cancer remains main source of cancer demise in both men and women in the United States, with more than 158,900 deaths expected in 1999. Around the world, lung cancer slaughters more than one million individuals every year. Broad planned epidemiologic information plainly builds up cigarette smoking as the significant reason for lung cancer. It is evaluated that around 90% of male lung cancer deaths and 75%-80% of female lung cancer deaths in the Assembled Expresses every year are created by smoking. Despite the rising hostile to tobacco conclusion in the United States and changes in smoking

According to the case study, I will be dealing with a 40 years old single mother of three, named Janet Jackson. She is diagnosed with leiomyomas and has a past history of depression and is a chain smoker. She was admitted to the hospital for vaginal hysterectomy via spinal anaesthetic. On her return to the ward after 2 hours in PARU, her vital signs were as follows: Blood pressure-90/50 mm Hg; pulse: 130bpm; respiration rate: 30/min; temperature: 36.5 C. Her pain score is 0/10 and has a urinary catheter insitu with 10 mls urine output for the last hour and a patient controlled analgesia. She is to be discharged after 2 days on ward. In the following paragraphs, I will be critically discussing about the aetiology and pathophysiology of her condition, the pathophysiology of her deterioration after her operation and how can I as a nurse can manage her vital signs. At the end, I will discuss about three members of the healthcare team: a social worker, a recreational therapist and a registered dietitian who will play a crucial role in caring for Janet before she gets discharged followed by a brief conclusion.