Unit 6 Pectin Report

What is its melting point? 1,405 K: 1,132 C: 2,070 F. boiling point? 4,404 K: 4,131 C: 7,468 F

First, we need to plug in the variables into the numbers from the information to create our first equation for the system. 3j (glasses of orange juice) + 5p (5 pancakes) = 7.60. Now, plug in the variables into the numbers from the information for the second equation for the system. j ( a glass of orange juice) + 2p ( 2 pancakes) = 2.90.

Ionic compounds are soluble in water to a certain point depending on the compound. The level of solubility changes among different compounds. Some ionic compounds can completely dissolve in water and appear to be a homogeneous mixture. Although, some ionic compounds dissolve very little, and could be considered insoluble, since it does not dissolve fully. Depending on the compound, the level of solubility can be high or low. However, ionic compounds could dissolve to a certain degree. If the solution appears to be a heterogeneous mixture, many may assume through visual representation that it may be insoluble. As stated previously, the smallest amount of solubility should be considered. To confirm whether or not the substance is soluble, observe the efficiency when conducting electricity. Due to practical reasons, the slightest solubility could be considered insoluble by people.

Unknown 12 was proved to be Proteus vulgaris. This organism was a gram-negative rod growing in single. This organism, which grew on a TSA plate, was catalase positive. A drop of H2O2 was added on to the colony and it began to bubble. Therefore, the catalase enzyme was present and broke down the peroxides in to non-toxic forms H2O and O2.

Make three exposures using given technical factors on a phantom knee in PA position . Include saline bags in exposures 1 and 2 to demonstrate patient soft tissue thickness.

The atom of an element has electrons that are found around the nucleus in regions known as orbitals. When energy is absorbed by the electrons of an atom they begin to jump to higher energy levels. When this happens the electrons are in an excited state. However when the electrons begin to release the energy and drop in energy levels they emit electromagnetic radiation. If the radiation that is emitted falls between 400 to 700 nanometers then the electrons emit photons which we can see as visible light.

We made a table to help us figure out how to find the pattern. In Table 1.2, the first column you see the number of cuts. The second column is the most pieces possible, and the last column is the differences we got between the upper bound of the cut before and the cut we were on. For example, we got four pieces for two cuts and seven pieces for three cuts, this means that between two cuts and three cuts there was a difference of three pieces. We noticed that the difference was also equal to the number of cuts.

This week’s lab builds upon the previous EnCase examination concepts to introduce students to Windows Registry values that can help identify key information within an investigation. To elucidate this, the lab calls for an examination of registry entries within Jane’s (Blacksuit Computing) collected evidence image. Within this image, students are asked to locate key evidence including, the system’s local time zone at acquisition, the location and nature of browser help objects (add-ins), system start-up processes, and a list of first and last devices connected to Jane’s system. Among these, the student is also tasked with analyzing the nature of these items to identify any suspicious activities or entries contained in the evidence.

The purpose of this experiment was to perform a nucleophilic substitution reaction to construct a biologically active compound from two simple parts and then to recrystallize the product collected, which is a purification technique that purifies solids based on differences in solubility. In order to accomplish this, other techniques such as heating at reflux, and suction filtration were used. Heating at reflux is a technique used in lab that allows a solution to be heated for a certain amount of time once it begins boiling. Suction filtration is a separation technique that is combined with a water aspirator and was used to collect the product from this experiment, which was 2-methylphenooxyacetic acid.

Hypothesis: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the question will different food sources affect the level of activity of detoxification enzymes in bean beetles? The class alternate hypothesis is different food sources will affect the level of activity of the detoxification enzymes in bean beetles. The null hypothesis is the different food sources will not have any effect on the level of activity of the detoxification enzymes in bean beetles. Experimental design: The independent variables in this experiment were the types of beans (bean 1 was mung beans and bean 2 was adzuki beans) and enzymes assays used.

2.8 MedCalc: MedCalc is a statistical software package designed for the biomedical sciences. It has an integrated spreadsheet for data input and can import files in several formats. 2.9 Test principle for Roche Cobas 6000: UV test Enzymatic reference method with hexokinase. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by ATP.

As discussed, galectin-8 is has different functions such as cell growth and apoptosis. When galectin-8 interacts with different integrins, high affinity interactions are formed. When galectin-8 is soluble, it inhibits the cell cycle and prompts the arrest of cell growth [6]. This is caused by a 4-5-fold increase in p21, which is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor [6]. An increase in c-Junc-n-terminal kinases (JNK) and protein kinase B (PKB) activities cause an increase in the levels of p21. When galectin-8 cDNA is transfected into cells of human lung carcinoma, the inhibition of colon formation is noticed; this suggests that when galectin-8 is overexpressed, it may inhibit cell growth [6]. An experiment was done to examine the effects of galectin-8. There were multiple procedures that took place in this experiment; the generation of antibodies against galectin-8, the creation of cell cultures with human carcinoma cells, generation of GFP-galectin-8, generation of GHO cells overexpressing a mutant form of SEK1, the preparation of cell extracts, the binding of galectin-8 to Lactosyl-Agarose beads, Thymidine incorporation, apoptosis, PCR, and a Northern Blot Analysis.

400W sonicated pectin had small molecular weight pectin fractions compared to 200W pectin, which could have enhanced its transportation into the cells, hence higher concentration of 400W sonicated pectin entered the cells leading to its higher activity than high molecular weight 200W treated pectin. Moreover, 400W sonicated pectin had higher galactose and arabinose content which are known to play a role in pectin induced cell death. It was reported that galactose rich pectin has higher biological activity than low galactose content pectin, for instance MCP is rich in galactose and galacturonic acid which are attributed to its activity [16,42]. Measuring the release of the intracellular enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme by cells after exposure to a compound is a reliable measure of compounds cytotoxicity to

The average weight molecular weight of pectin as shown in Fig.3, Pectin showed two molecular region bands between 7.85×105 and 2.42×105Da, with highest abundance at 7.85×105 Da, the 0.35%SHMP extracted pectin sample had average molecular weight of 3.785x105 Da. The molecular weight was in the same range (7.85×105 and 2.42×105 Da) previously reported by Takamine et al., (Takamine et al. 2007). The high molecular weight could be attributed to fast drying of residues which inhibited pectinase enzyme action on pectin, besides SHMP is known not to cause pectin hydrolysis, unlike acid or alkali solution extraction which tend to hydrolyze pectin through beta-elimination (Diaz et al. 2007). The molecular weight of pectin depends upon its source, method of extraction and treatment it undergoes after extraction (Fishman et al. 1984). High molecular weight in extracted pectin indicates that the pectin was not hydrolyzed during extraction. Pectin extracted from creeping fig had molecular weight ranging from 78.6, 251 and 359.2kDa for HCl, sulphuric acid and hot water extracted pectin, respectively (Liang et al. 2012), the low molecular weight of acid extracted pectin was attributed to acid hydrolysis of pectin. In the same breath hand acid extracted chicken pea pectin had molecular weight of 110kDa (Urias-orona et al. 2010). It is worth noting that, the molecular weight of carbohydrate is not easy to determine partly owing to their polydisperse nature, association at higher

Different techniques and principles for protein extraction and characterization were demonstrated in this experiment. Various proteins were extracted from different sources: 1.67 g yeast invertase, 1.03 g egg white albumin, and 5.15 g of milk casein. Activity assay for invertase was performed using Benedict’s test and the enzymes inverting action on sucrose was confirmed. Warburg-Christian Method and Bradford Assay were also employed to determine the protein concentration in the albumin and the casein samples. The concentrations for the albumin and casein samples were found to be 0.519 and 0.327 mg/mL, respectively based on Warburg-Christian Assay; and 6.5x10-3¬ and 1.9x10-2 mg/mL