Unit 9 Exercise 1 Cardiovascular Medicine

Blood vessel length, when increased causes more friction or resistance thus making it more difficult for blood to flow through the vessel. In summation, increasing blood vessel length inversely effects flow rate but decreasing flow rate. My prediction was that an increase in blood vessel length would inversely effect blood flow. As evidenced in this experiment, with the increase of the blood vessel length, there was a decrease in blood flow.

The cardiovascular system, which consists of the heart and blood vessels, is the circulatory systems in our body. The major function of the system is transportation; the heart is the system pump and the blood vessels are the delivery routes. The heart transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances vital to the body’s homeostasis to and from the cells by using the blood as a medium.

Composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, the cardiovascular system is the body system that carries out the tasks of pumping and transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, and other substances throughout the body.

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R E V I E W S H E E T 30 Anatomy of the Heart

The heart, blood and blood vessels make up the basis of the cardiovascular system also known as the circulatory system. The average human body contains approximately 5 litres of blood which is carried around the body via a network of blood vessels split into three types; arteries, veins and capillaries. The arteries are the largest of the three vessels and carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart and are smaller than arteries, then finally the smallest vessels known as capillaries distribute the oxygen rich blood to organs whilst simultaneously picking up the waste carbon dioxide and water from the organs to transport back to the heart where it can be pumped into the lungs to be exhaled.

Health care professionals specializing in the cardiovascular system diagnose and treat patients experiencing difficulty with the heart and lungs. Opportunities to work as a member of a cardiovascular team include specialists like a cardiologist, cardiovascular surgeon, clinical cardiac perfusionist, and cardiovascular technician. Each health care professional requires varied experience, but each position is necessary to help patients prevent and recover from potentially life threatening cardiovascular events.

This research question is important in this program because it will help determine whether this cardiovascular program has increased the capacity to address heart disease, change mindsets, and to reach goals of the cardiovascular program. In this program we are devoted to prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases through professional education and research for clinicians, providers, and patients.

Arteries: carry blood away from heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus

“Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is a widely used surgical procedure for the relief of symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease” (Bagielia, Connerney, McLaughlin, Shapiro, & Sloan, 2001, p. 1766). Coronary Artery Disease is the narrowing of the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscles. The buildup of fatty material within the walls of the arteries causes cardiac diseases (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery,, 2010) .To resolve this issue, surgeons take veins and arteries from elsewhere in the patient’s body. Then, surgeons graft the veins and arteries to the coronary arteries to bypass the atherosclerotic narrowing and improve the blood supply to the heart muscles (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery,, 2010). This procedure increases the blood flow to the heart by giving the blood a new route around the diseased or clogged artery (Bagielia, Connerney, McLaughlin, Shapiro, & Sloan, 2001).

Cardiovascular Heart Disease continues to rank number 1 for death in the United States. 1 in 4 deaths that occur daily are a result of a cardiovascular occurrence. Of those deaths, 50% are men. The numbers are staggering and the cost to our nation is great. $272 billion was spent on treating those with Cardiovascular Disease in 2010 and projections for 2030 reach $800 billion.

has to work harder pumping blood to the rest of the body. Blood in our

During inspection of the heart assessment observe abnormal finding. Inspect the jugular vein and the carotid artery. Note pallor or cyanotic skin color, temperature, turgor, texture, and clubbing of finger. Observe for swelling, edema and ulceration. Clubbing is a sign of chronic hypoxia caused by a lengthy cardiovascular or respiratory. Poor cardiac output and tissue perfusion is noted by cyanosis and pallor. For dark-skinned, inspect his mucous membranes for pallor. Decreases or absent of pulse with cool, pale, and shiny skin, and hair loss to the area, and the patient may have pain in the legs and feet may indicate arterial insufficiency. Ulcerations typically occur in the area around the toes, and the foot usually turns deep red when dependent

This allows your cardiovascular centres in your brain a little bit more latitude as far as controlling your heart rate. If you were to remove a beating heart from someone's body you would find that the heart is no longer being suppressed by the parasympathetic nervous system and it will accelerate to the same pace as the sinoatrial node. The SA node generates action potentials approximately 100 times per minute due to the physiology of the heart, its own permeability to sodium and calcium via its channels, and a host of other things. Anywhere between 80 to 100 beats per minute is normal for the SA node.

The literature on the effects of exercise of cardiac output maintains the idea that exercise should affect cardiac output- pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, QRS-pulse lag, P-T and T-P intervals, because of increased heart rate. For our experiment, we tested this theory by measuring our cardiac output before and after some rigorous exercise. We measured the individual cardiac output and then combined the data to compose a class-wide data average. We compared the results of the experiment to what we expected, which was that exercise does affect our heart. Our data from this experiment supported the notion that exercise does, in fact, change cardiac output.