United States And The Open Skies Agreements Essay

Delta airlines have multilateral and formed alliances with other airlines. This is beneficial since the airline is able to gain access to international airlines. By forming alliance, the airlines share

What many consider to be the most significant piece of airspace legislation today is outlined in U.S Code 40103 which states that the United States Government has exclusive sovereignty of airspace in the United States which basically gives them the ultimate authority to regulate, regardless of who owns the land underneath the airspace.

When countries have needs but not the capacity to satisfy those demands they enter into trading through the exchange of surplus, produce to help their trading partners. Canada, Mexico, and the United States created a treaty to establish a relationship that can benefit everyone in this process known as NAFTA. This agreement has been criticized and has been blamed for hurting the US economy more than helping. Although speculations may be misguided, I do not know much about this agreement, and I must research multiple sources. This paper seeks to understand if NAFTA has produced significant benefits for Canada, Mexico, and the United States economies.

United States Foreign Policy has always been in a constant form of metamorphosis. Gradually, since the birth of the United States of America, the country has been slowly evolving it’s policies and relations with other countries. The United States began its history as a insignificant isolated nation. It slowly overtime would change to what the powerhouse that it is today: A Global Superpower.

Why is US foreign policy pulled to extreme of either doing too much or nothing at all?

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government dedicated to space research and exploration. Since its launch by then-President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1958, the world has come to owe a great deal to NASA for its advances in human curiosity and discovery. NASA requires research and collaboration on a global level, and employs highly-skilled people from a diverse range of backgrounds, including the military, medicine, and various science and engineering fields. It has been esteemed for decades as a leading authority on space science, making breakthroughs including exploring the geology and meteorology of planets and moons, viewing star clusters and neighboring galaxies, participating in the International Space Station, and providing compelling insight on the Earth’s climate in the face of climate change. Recently, the United States federal budget plan for 2017 has been released that significantly lowers NASA’s funding, and it is very problematic. This cut in spending will halt some of the agency’s finest efforts that will benefit the world in a remarkable way. Upon understanding the great work that NASA has achieved, not only should the government not cut spending on the space agency, but increase spending as one of the smartest investments the country has made.

Southwest’s primary competitors are JetBlue and Spirit Airlines. These two airlines, like Southwest, focus on innovation and low airfare costs. Among the largest airlines are American, Delta, and United. However, these mainline carriers are far from posing any major threat to Southwest. (Coulter, pg 253)

Unfortunately, aviation policies are often “reactive.” The passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 was due to a series of midair collisions after the introduction of jet aircraft. There has been a steady growth in air travel ever since then. As indicated by the Allegiant Airlines case, the runway incursion incident could be greatly attributed to the lack of airfield familiarity or proper communication skills. Taxiing aircraft – especially modern airplanes with high bypass engines – currently requires considerably more skill and practice than was necessary in the past. While the airport operator’s training requirement is standardized, the airline practices still differ. The best course of action would be to standardize and regulate

The Aviation and Transportation Security Act is charged with voluntary settlement agreement between the employers and the employees. Some of its duties and responsibilities include, back pay, cancellation, reinstatement, and settlement. Back pay refers to the money given to the employees for unjustified personnel action, and cancellation involves returning the employees to their original positions before the action occurred. Reinstatement is accomplished when the employee is returned to their original status as per the Act and settlement helps resolve an employment issue between the employees and the employer.

Subsequently this class provided a narrative I could adapt to understand international policies studied in my US law and international Law classes taught by former STPEC alumni Buz Eisenburg. His role and insightful experiences as an international attorney who has volunteered his time to such cases like Guantanamo Bay and domestic issues around prohibiting the construction of Corporate box stores like Wall Mart. His class continued to explain the involvement not only on global matters of human right violations but also here in the US when policies like NAFTA and now purposed TPP putting the remaining class division at greater risk when global markets are allowed to purchase resources like Fracked oil from companies like LNG. Understanding the historical importance of these connections allowed me to make between extreme Friedman thinkers of today’s time including international politicians like Margret Thatcher in England, Richard Nixon, or actor made President Ronald Reagan. Through the lens of economics and international global markets theories of Friedman continued to be dissected through global crisis resulting in the development of such policies like NAFTA destroying the middle and working classes in America. Through the lens of legal law, and economic selling out American jobs and resources including access to affordable health care, and access to descent education as described in the work of Naomi Kline brought to light the negative impacts of global policies directly

Another emerging trend in the past five years has involved the progress made on open skies agreements between the United States and other countries. Open skies agreements serve to liberalize Orlando International Airport transport markets between the two signing countries or parties in the agreement. These agreements remove government restrictions, such as limits to the number of flights any one airline is allowed to operate per week between countries. The removal of these limitations has opened some routes up to increased competition, by allowing Orlando International Airport to fly more frequently and making these routes more accessible. Orlando International Airport could not previously justify the capital expense of operating on routes with limited flights are now able to profit on routes with high demand.

A drop in fares has been the best result of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. It has been the impetus for the increase in the number of flights, which in turn has spurred a drive for greater safety in airlines. But with the current airline market, this development has given us one negative. Since ticket prices have dropped to new lows, the realities of an industry which operates on such economies of scale dictates that only a few competitors have the capacity to operate within the market. This is not the desired effect of either political side on this issue, but it is an economic necessity with the environment that has been created, very similar to that of public utilities and phone companies.

Being the largest airline in the world comes with some significant advantages, one of the most important is a physical presence in the locations that passengers want to travel. As part of the anti-trust settlement, American Airlines agreed to sell approximately 15% of their takeoff and landing slots in Washington D.C. and New York . Even with this sale of slots, American Airlines is still able to offer flights to over 250 destinations daily. Just by their sheer size, American Airlines should be capturing a significant share of the market.

The airline industry can be considered an imperfect oligopoly. There are several large carriers that dominate long distance flights, and many small carriers that compete for short distance flights. Competition is fierce, and the return for most carriers is very low. Some airlines are trying to differentiate themselves, like JetBlue for example, by offering superior services at low prices. Other low cost airlines, like Southwest, offer low costs with no frills. Most airlines offer a frequent flyer programs in order to develop brand loyalty. In recent years there has also been several alliances formed between airlines. These alliances enable

The years since regulation have been rocky for the airline industry. Airline after airline has declared bankruptcy and either ceased existence or emerged as a weaker airline. The surviving airlines have done so by merging and protecting their territory with tactics not even dreamed of in most industries. Robert Crandall said it best when he noted, "This is a nasty, rotten business (Petzinger,1995)." You would think that with the competition allowed by deregulation that a large number of new names would exist, but that does not seem to be the case. Most Americans still travel on American, Delta, United, US Airways, or Continental (Kane, 2003). The only true champion of deregulation is Southwest Airlines, whose success is paving the way for others such as JetBlue, but the obstacles are enormous. Initially, the airlines went after each other by slashing fares and driving competitors out of business. The industry quickly learned that although this tactic was effective, it was not profitable, and it was more economical to focus on controlling the air out of a few cities (hubs) than to attempt to directly compete in every single market. Since most of the major airlines already had key cities in which they controlled most of the takeoff and landing slots, airlines could charge higher fares and take in greater profits without any real head to head