Universal Basic Emotions

There are four types of primary emotions. These emotions consist of anger, fear, happiness, and sadness. I will tell you about how each emotion could affect you in your daily life and the purpose for that particular emotion.

The word Emotion derives from the Latin word “emovere” which means to move, and is an affective state of consciousness governed by ones circumstances resulting in feelings such as joy, love, anger or sadness (Siegler et al, 2000). Researchers have suggested three features attributed to emotions, the first feature relates to the rising of emotions. Emotions are believed to arise when an individual interprets a context in relation to their current goals. The second feature is concerned with its multifaceted nature. Emotions are used interchangeably in society, yet contexts have dissociations between aspects of emotions and emotional experience therefore across different cultures and society’s different emotions will be associated with different circumstances. The last feature relates to emotions malleability. Emotions hold the power to force themselves into our consciousness and interrupt anything we maybe doing, there are constantly adjusting to the changing circumstances. These three features constitute the basis of The Modal Model of emotion (Gross, 1998).

The Chapter “Cultural Variation in Emotion” discusses the following questions. Are emotions universal? If they are universal, how does cultural and socialization affect the expression of emotions? The chapter goes on to talk about how different experimenters attempt to answer these questions. It also talk about how different researches differ on opinion of these questions. It attempts to answer the question by saying that”... it is clear that emotion-relevant faces are interpreted with some consistency across cultures, suggesting a universal link between facial position and at least some aspect or correlate of emotion. However, it is also apparent that variation exist both within and across societies in the extend of tis consistency. This suggests at minimum that cultural expertise and socialization play some roles in the attribution of emotional meaning to facial expressions.” The chapter then goes on to compare and constrict individualistic cultures and collectivistic cultures, and how these cultures experience and express emotions differently.

Module 12.1, “The Nature of Emotions” starts by explaining that defining the term emotion is very difficult because of all the aspect that could possibly together or separately be involved in an emotion. These aspects involved in an emotion include physiological effects, cognition, and behaviors. Next, the chapter answers one of my few question by explaining the methods for measuring emotions. Self-report, the most often used method, involves the participants answering questions about their emotions. I believe self-report would deliver the most bias results. For example, someone who experiences anger numerous times throughout the week would rate a feeling of anger at 3. While someone who doesn’t get angry very often would rate, hypothetically

In the novel, numerous images portrayed relatable and emotional senses. The author has written the story in vivid detail that provides the reader with a crucial idea of the distinct actions and effects that are taking place within the setting of the war. The specific images that left an impression were the gruesomely brutal and incredibly heartbreaking scenes. For example, an event that really stuck with me was when Paul was hiding in the trench, trying to stay away from the attackers. While he was attempting to keep his whereabouts secret, a body had fallen on top of him, causing him to react by shooting him. After Paul had defended himself, he immediately was hit by guilt once realization that he had killed the man. He was left of the sounds

The poem "Snow and Snow" by Ted Hughes explores the powerful emotions of happiness and despair through the use of many poetic techniques, such as punctuation and structure, alliteration, word choice and personification. The poem switches between a female version of snow to male, it deals with a great mix of emotions which make up a moving poem.

The use of focused genograms can aid therapists by highlighting the psychological bonds that confine an individual or couple. By highlighting the bonds, they can be explored through a conceptual framework such as; an attachment lens or and emotional lens, to determine the impact on the system and individual. The genogram reflects the family of origin and can illuminate a pattern of connectivity (Magnuson & Shaw, 2003). While this exploration is beneficial, a deeper knowledge or clarification can be obtained if several focused genograms are combined to create the roadmap for the individual. A genogram combining the touch and bonding level of attachment theory genogram

In this essay I will discuss the particulars of emotion as described and theorized by Antonio Damasio. First, I will explain Damasio’s three-stage definition of emotion, and then apply this definition to an evolutionary perspective of emotion; more specifically, the evolutionary and biological benefits of an organism possessing emotion. Next, I dive deeper into Demasio theory of emotion, by distinguishing between his idea of primary and secondary emotions. By way of Damasio’s three-stage definition of emotion and an experiment he conducts on brain damaged patient, I will then discuss whether or not humans are always aware of how their emotions influence their behavior. Next, I will temporarily suspend my focus on Damasio’s work to explain how Block and Chalmers distinguish between conscious awareness and conscious experience. Subsequently, I will resume my focus on Damasio’s work, by evaluating how the aforesaid experiment applies to Damasio’s brain damaged patient. Finally, I will conclude by reflecting on the overall picture of emotion and emotional experience, and use it to discuss the prospects and motivations of building emotional machines.

One of our first basic emotions as humans is fear. Fear can be defined in so many different ways, but it is an emotion that we all possess. It can be an emotion felt when in danger or as we anticipate an event. Not all of us share the same terrors, and how one may react to a particular event may be different than how another person may handle the same event. What may seem like just a silly story was actually one of the scariest moments of my young adult life. What I learned from that moment of terror is what I found most important and valuable.

According to Merriam Webster the definition of emotion is an affective state of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear, hate, or the like, is experienced, as distinguished from cognitive and volitional states of consciousness. Everyone in the world has or shows emotion, some people or characters show this emotion differently than others. Many people are afraid to show their true feelings even though that is a part of life. There is no right or wrong way to show emotion or feelings, it just comes naturally.

Suppose you are walking in the woods and come upon a mean-looking bear. The encounter scares the daylights out of you, and you begin to run for dear life. Do you run because you are afraid, or are you afraid because you run? The example and the question come from the work of William James, one of the first psychologists to propose a formal answer to questions about how autonomic responses are related to the experience of emotion. James argued that you are afraid because you run. Your running and other physiological responses, he said, follow directly from the perception of the bear. Without some form of these responses, you would feel no fear.

Nowadays the study of emotion is one of the most complex concepts in the field of psychology. Plutchik (2001) states that "emotions are an essential part of who we are and how we survive; emotional distress impels people to seek help, and indeed the primary concern of psychotherapy is the repair of emotional disorders". Darwin (1872) believed that emotions are evolutionarily adaptive, generating appropriate behaviour to aid survival, as well as universal, cross-cultural and cross- species. This was later proven right by Ekman (1972) proposing six basic, universal emotions: joy, distress, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. The ability to accurately read the emotional facial expressions of others is fundamental to successful human

The present research aimed to examine whether individual differences in emotion can predict the judgment made in moral reactions. To be specific, as the representative trait emotions, trait disgust and trait anger were investigated, and the study also analyzed their relationship with two moral domains, harm and authority. It was expected that trait disgust would be positively associated with the moral judgment of harm, and authority values, and trait anger would also positively associate with those two values.

According to the article Basic Emotions, there are six primary emotions: love, joy, surprise, anger, sadness, and fear. There are various emotions that branch off of these six primary emotions. For example, love branches into the emotions lust, affection, and longing. Joy is

Throughout history, subjective laws have contended how individuals relate to each-other through the concept of race. Similarly, ever since its emergence in the early twentieth century, television has also been used to manifest such cultural and societal values. In return, Hollywood 's dependence on “whitewashing” roles as a cross-racial/ethnic representation withholds the power to extraordinarily change viewer’s depiction of minority groups. Consequently, what follows is the important and constituent emotional state of individuals when facing questions of white privilege, power, and diversity in the media.