Unknown Compounds

present in the final product. If the IR of a molecule with an alcohol is present, there will be an IR peak between 3400 and 3200 cm^-1. However, if the experiment was done successfully by

- The C-H bonds in this structure are shown at 1444 and 1368cm-1. These two bands indicate the two different types of C-H bends that occur on the molecule. One is that of the alkene and the other is that of the several alkanes on the molecule.

The City of Mounds View, located in the northwest corner of Ramsey County, Minnesota, contains a residential population of over 12,000 and over 150 businesses. The city is situated at the connection of Interstate 35W and State Hwy 10, and is conveniently ten miles from Minneapolis and St. Paul. Mounds View is renowned for its large, wooded residential lots and wide housing variations. The city has a total area of 4.12 square miles, of which 4.03 square miles is land and 0.09 square miles is water.

Which means that it did not have any neighboring hydrogens but it still had a hydrogen on the compound. The next peak was a multiplet around 6-7.1 ppm and had 5 similar hydrogens. According to the H NMR chemical shifts, 5 similar hydrogens and a ppm range from 6-8.0 ppm, this particular peak was an aromatic. More specifically a benzene with 5 similar hydrogens, and with another hydrogen with attached substituents. This aromatic also contains 4 degrees of saturation, satisfying the requirement that the compound needed to have DoU of 4. The next peak was a quartet around 3.4-3.5 with 2 hydrogens. The quartet meant that the compound had 3 neighboring hydrogens and that particular peak was a CH2. The last pear was a triplet around 1.2-1.4 ppm with 3 hydrogens on the compound. The triplet meant that compound that 2 neighboring hydrogens indicating that particular peak was a methyl group (CH3). This help determine that the CH2 and CH3 were bonded to one another creating an ethyl

This purpose of this lab is to use gas chromatography to identify unknown compounds. In this lab, six known substances were first tested for their retention times to be used as standards when figuring out the three substances contained in a known mixture. The vernier mini gc in this experiment, just like all the other types of chromatography, have both a stationary and mobile phase. With this instrument, the stationary phase is a metal outer column and the mobile phase is the atmospheric air, which is how the vernier mini gc works. This instrument is used alongside a computer to be able to obtain the readings of the injected substances and shown as peaks on a chromatograph. The specific time it takes for a substance to exit the chromatography

For six years, Eli Yanakakis has lived three stories underground in a generous fallout shelter. On his ninth birthday, his father claimed that there was a nuclear attack that was coming which he then took them to the compound. The door to the compound is sealed and set to open in fifteen years, enough time for the nuclear waste from the attack to not be able to harm anyone. The only people Eli has seen or communicated with for years are his mother, father, and two sisters. He was really missing the rest of his family like his twin brother named hamburgers, his grandmother named eddy, and his dog. Though The Compound seems to have everything he could ever want, Eli is afraid that there are many flaws in his father's plan to survive the nuclear

There are four main regions of IR absorptions: region 4000 – 3000 cm-1 corresponds to N-H, C-H and O-H stretching, region 2250- 2100 cm-1 is triple-bond stretching , region 2000- 1500 cm-1 is double bonds and the region below 1500 cm-1 is the fingerprint region where a variety of single bonds are absorbed.3 The chromic acid test is a test for oxidizability and gives a positive result for primary and secondary alcohols as well as aldehydes2. A positive result in the chromic acid test is indicated by a color change and the formation of a precipitate. Tertiary alcohols give negative results for the chromic acid test since there must be a hydrogen present on the alcoholic carbon for oxidation to occur. The 2,4 DNP test, tests for a carbonyl and is therefore a dependable test for aldehydes and ketones. Finally, 13C NMR spectroscopy is a test to determine the structure of a compound. 13C NMR detects the 13C isotope of carbon. Each carbon has a different chemical shift. A carbon’s chemical shift is affected by the electronegativity of nearby atoms. Carbons that are bonded to highly electronegative atoms resonant downfield because the electronegative atom pulls electrons away from the nearby carbons and cause those carbons to resonant downfield1 (John McMurry, 2008). A general trend is that sp3-hybridized carbons absorb from 0 to 90 ppm, sp2-hybridized carbons resonant between 110

The fingerprint region on both mine and the 1-hexanol IR collected from the Spectral Database for Organic Compounds SDBS showed the exact same C-O single bond peak of 1057 cm-₁. This confirmed that the product formed in the experiment was in fact 1-hexanol due to the anti-Markovnikov addition reaction of hydroboration-oxidation (HBO). The HBO reaction always attaches the OH group to the less substituted carbon. There was also another extremely sharp peak at about 1109 cm-₁ on my products IR spectrum that compared very closely to the 1-hexanol sharp peak of 1114 cm-₁. These similar sharp peaks and stretches gave confirmation that my product was the 1-hexanol

For both of the unknown compounds the techniques of IR Spectroscopy and both Carbon and Hydrogen NMR were used to identify the compounds. In IR Spectroscopy infrared waves are shot through a compound and a spectrum of peaks are created on a computer. Depending on where the peaks are located and what shapes they are one can identify the functional groups of the compound. In Carbon NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) Spectroscopy the number of unique carbons the compound has are found. Each peak on the spectrum is a unique carbon.

The Categorization of Intriguing Substances An ionic compound is the electrostatic attraction between protons and electrons that are transferred between two atoms. Ionic bonds occur with a metal and a nonmetal atom. Metals lose electrons to create cations, while nonmetals gain electrons to make anions. Covalent compounds occur only in nonmetals, which is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms and other covalent bonds. Additionally, the melting and boiling point of ionic bonds are high, whereas covalent bonds are low.

For the identification of the product, IR, 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectra were examined, and the product was found to be butyl propionate. In the IR spectrum, RM-11-Bi, five key peaks are observed. These peaks are sp3 hybridized carbons at 2961 cm-1 and 2877 cm-1, an ester at 1737 cm-1, a

When using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, I had unknown A. With this unknown, I had two peaks on my CNMR which told me I had one carbon on both sides of the line symmetry. Also, on my HNMR I had one peak with a multiplicity of six, therefore, I had six hydrogens. Using this information I was able to conclude that my unknown as was 2-propanone.

Perchlorates are inorganic chemical compounds that have a pounding effect on human health and especially on the thyroid homeostasis. The growing levels of perchlorates in drinking water and industrial waste have a detrimental impact on the public health in various ways. This report tries to correlate the impact of perchlorates and their effect on the human population. The damage caused by perchlorates varies from person to person and is governed by a set of factors like the duration of the exposure, amount of exposure, age group, gender and lifestyle. Perchlorates acts by competitively inhibiting the sodium/iodide symporter and thereby blocks the iodide intake into the thyrocytes leading to a decrease in T3 and T4 hormone secretions. However different EDC’s (Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals) have their own corresponding mechanisms of thyroid homeostasis disruption.

The number of consumers has now risen to 200, 000, 000, subjected everyday to a bombardment of poisons in their food and drugs while lying at the mercy of “respectable corporations” (Fuller). While the chefs and sou chefs cooked their customers’ orders, they thought nothing of it. They served it to their customer and while that customer ate, one had an allergic reaction. The customer whose name was Jorma Takala suffers from hyperactivity. Therefore, additives can be dangerous and companies using them should do extreme testing before exposing it to the human population.

Aromatic compounds, also known as arenes or aromatics, are chemical compounds that contain a ring of continuously overlapping p orbitals (planar). They have a delocalized pi electron in the ring. They are characterized by one or more planar rings of atoms joined by covalent bonds of two different kinds. The unique stability of these compounds is referred as Aromacity. Although aromatic has its origin from compounds characterized by its odor or fragrant, now, in chemistry, to compounds those have particular bonding arrangements that cause certain  (pi) electrons within a molecule to be strongly attached. They are often reflected in Heat of Combustion and in Hydrogenation.