Unknown Compounds Lab Report

Atoms are the basic units of matter and all life is based on them. Life on earth is based on the element carbon. It is a highly versatile atom able to form four covalent bonds with itself or other atoms such as hydrogen and water. Atoms combine to form molecules and those that are carbon based are referred to as organic molecules. Organic molecules occur in four different types in living cells; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are also known as hydrocarbons due to the presence of both hydrogen and carbon. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. They are important sources of energy and are classified in three main groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

In the lab titled “Mixed Substances,” our objective was to see how properties of individual substances compare with properties of mixed substances. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are mixed physically but not chemically. For example, trail mix would be a mixture due to the dissimilar parts combined physically. There are two types of mixtures, homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in structure or composition.

We were assigned mystery powder convertible which contained calcium carbonate, baking soda, and sucrose. We found out that the mystery powder had calcium carbonate because when it reacted with iodine it turned orange/brown. When calcium carbonate reacted with vinegar it had a fizzy-like reaction. It also reacted with hydrochloric acid and that caused it to bubble. When we tested the mystery powder it also turned orange/brown when we added iodine. Also when we added vinegar and it also fizzed like the calcium carbonate. Again when we added the hydrochloric acid it reacted exactly like calcium carbonate, lots of bubbles were made. We know that the calcium carbonate was in the mystery powder because it had similar reactions.

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

The purpose of this experiment was to find out the nutrient content of unidentified food samples and to use chemical reagents to see if the unidentified foods for sugar, starch, protein and fat (lipid) content. After comparing the color changes in each unknown substance then you will be able to see the amount of sugar, starch, protein or fat there is in the unknown substance.

My unknown organism #6 is Morganella morganii, which is a gram-negative bacillus rods commonly found in the environment and also in the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as a normal flora. (3, 5) This bacterium Morganella morganii, was first discovered in the 1906 by a British bacteriologist named H. de R. Morgan. (2) Despite its wide distribution, it is an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection and is most often encountered inpostoperative and other nosocomial settings. (2, 3) Morganella morganii infections respond well to appropriate antibiotic therapy; however, its

Purpose: To use indicators to test for the presence of organic compounds in certain substances.

The purpose of this lab was to identify unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests, and my unknown bacteria is #17. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Whether the tests performed identified specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways, each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were Gram stain, Catalase, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Blood Agar, Novobiocin, Coagulase, and DNAse (Alachi, 2007).

Unknown 12 was proved to be Proteus vulgaris. This organism was a gram-negative rod growing in single. This organism, which grew on a TSA plate, was catalase positive. A drop of H2O2 was added on to the colony and it began to bubble. Therefore, the catalase enzyme was present and broke down the peroxides in to non-toxic forms H2O and O2.

Bacteria are ubiquitous; they can be found on the skin, in the soil, and inside the body. Because of the very nature of this ubiquity, it is important to be able to determine between different strains of bacteria. An example of this is determining the causative agent for a disease so that the patient will be treated with the appropriate antibiotics. It may be important to determine the bacteria in a certain region, because like with enteric bacteria, it is normal to find them in the digestive tract as they are in a symbiotic relationship with our bodies in this area; however, they also cause opportunistic infections in places outside of the digestive tract to our detriment, such as with a urinary tract infection. Some strains of bacteria are common to nosocomial infections, and identifying these bacteria as such helps create the guidelines for healthcare workers in antiseptic technique. All of the morphology and characteristics of each strain of bacteria help us to better understand the role of bacteria in the body as well as helps us understand how they can cause illness, and what treatment regimen to set in place. In lab this semester, a sample of unknown

The objective of this lab was to use qualitative and quantitative measurements and observations to properly identify, and then confirm the identity of an unknown compound. After identification, the compound would have to be synthesized, in our case, through an acid-base reaction, followed by confirming its identity with the original unknown compound.

The color of food coloring is on the top of NaOCI, NaOCI is under the food coloring.

Aim: To classify unknown substances according to their structure type and to observe how the structure of materials affects their uses.

An unknown was given to our group from the professor. The unknown was in nutrient broth, the group received unknown number 3. And the task was to identify the unknown and try to make an educated guess, and identify the unknown #3.

All chemicals were of analytical grade. Electrolytic zinc powders were produced by electrolysis of alkaline solutions containing zinc oxide. These solutions were prepared by dissolving a given amount of ZnO in 6 mol L-1 NaOH. After complete dissolution, solutions were stored in 500 ml volumetric flasks. Removing of water from the prepared zinc powder was performed using analytical grade ethanol and acetone mixture.