Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or drones, have transitioned from primarily military applications to use in the private sector; being used to film movies, delivering packages for Amazon, and even personal entertainment. Because of the advancement in drone

Every year around the globe more and more people are buying technology. People buy technology for photos, playing, YouTube videos, or making designs in design software. However a lot of people don’t know how to use technology correctly and that is why we have so many problems with them. One type of technology that we have problems with is drones. But if drone technology gets better then it could decrease the amount of problems we have with drones¬¬¬.

Drones or Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are aircrafts, remotely controlled by on the ground pilots or autonomous programing, which may be equipped with missiles and bombs for attack missions. Drones have become a major strategy instrument in U.S. counterterrorism program. In Yemen, Somalia, Iraq, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, U.S. drones observe these countries from the skies and occasionally are used to launch lethal strikes against suspected terrorists. According to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, the use of drone strikes has been substantially increased from “54 (under Bush’s Administration) to 371 (under Obama’s Administration).” US Drone Program is ineffective due to a certain policies that has not been adjust by the government; ultimately, the usage of drone would go against moral and ethical issue that would lead to the long-term consequences.

In addition, farmers who are subject to working conditions along with the simple nature of human abilities which detract from their ability to inspect a field compared to technology, are eliminated in UAV practices of inspection. The benefit transfers down the line of agriculture when the product the farmer was able to grow has ended up at the grocery store, and by the same means, the support for the drones’ integration is bound to follow.

Picture someone sitting inside their house by an opened window, enjoying their personal activities like reading a book or watching television; when all of a sudden, they hear the soft quiet buzzing noise outside the window. They look up to see what looks like a flying remote control toy weighing about fifty-five pounds or less, with four miniature flying helicopter propellers, along with a camera staring right back at them. Then the trail of concerns and questions begin: Who is watching? Is someone taking photographic footage? Why are they watching? Aren’t they trespassing? Can this flying technology cause physical harm? In today’s society, these remote controlled small scaled flying pieces of technology are called domestic drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV’s) (“Using Drones”). These domestic drones range in size and have the ability to fly in all directions with a wide signal range. They also have the capabilities of flying almost anywhere that is open to airspace, and can maintain a stable level flying position due to their evenly distributed symmetrical structure (McGlynn). This means that drones can hover in one place and capture high definition images. Domestic drones have the “ability to house high-powered cameras, infrared sensors, facial recognition technology, and license plate readers,” as well as the ability to make customized attachments like weapons, or storage compartments (Dolan; Goodman). The accessibility in obtaining a domestic drone is as

Drones, or formally referred to as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are machines that primarily controlled through remote controls or computers. Individuals on the ground are the ones who usually control the flight of this vehicle through a remote control. However, depending on the type and model of the drone, autonomous flight can occur through the embedded computer systems of the drone.

Japan has been using UASs for civil purposes since 1990. They’ve been used to observe volcanoes, enabling human pilots and crew to avoid potentially hazardous environments, as well as inspecting highways and bridges for damage. However, UASs have primarily been used in Japan for agricultural purposes, where UASs are used to spray pesticides over fields and monitor crop health.

UAV is a type of aircraft designed for no-onboard pilot or passenger. It can be flown by a pilot at a ground control station or can be flown autonomoously based on pre-programmed flight. The earliest recorded use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for warfighting occurred on August 22, 1849, when the Austrians attacked the Italian city of Venice with unmanned balloons loaded with explosives [1]. Later on, the invention is being innovated for many applications. In the 21st century, technology reached a point of sophistication that the UAV is now being given a greatly expanded role in many areas of aviation.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems are constantly evolving. The latest developments in UAS include features that can be abused by operators, such as anti-drone technologies, or that can increase the risk of accidents and unsafe incidents. This area of UAS use is expected to evolve for the foreseeable future.

For the past few years, the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as drone, has grown quickly. Originally, drones were developed for military applications and now it is significantly important in the technology field and society. There are certain proposals and public interest in using drones for food and package delivery (Elzweig, 2015). This indicates that drones have diversified from military use to consumer use, becoming a part of everyday life. However, there are several concerns associated with implementing delivery drones, this includes organisational structure, safety and security, privacy and airspace interference (Doa, Gopi, & Maione, 2016). This report’s objectives are:

Today, quadcopters are used in many areas of industry due to their reliability, cost effectiveness and multi-functionality. The most widely known uses come from photography and the military. Quadcopters are constantly seen being used in sports media coverage, recreational and professional filming,

The advancement of UAV abilities and technology in recent years has promoted substantial scientific and commercial research into the application and management of this technology. In some areas of development UAV capability has surpassed the regional flight policies and capabilities of manned operations. One of the predominant implementations of UAVs pertains to automated persistent monitoring and surveillance (Nikhil Nigam 2014). Automated persistent surveillance is the use of sensors to continuously capture the activities of a region by adjusting the field of view (FOV) and position of the sensors with minimal or no human interaction (Nikhil Nigam 2014). These surveillance systems provide a powerful solution for perpetual monitoring and

Being that directional control of the drone is accomplished through the communication of two distinct cellphones on a populated network, there is a delay encountered because of the TDM method of communication. Rotor based UAV’s have six degrees of freedom: three translational and three rotational. Control of those degrees is only accomplished through changing speed in the four independent rotor motors. In robotics and control theory, this is referred to as under-actuation, meaning the system dynamics are nonlinear and thus extremely challenging for a human to control [16]. Disrupting airflows caused by wind and other factors exponentially increase the level of difficulty for complete human control. An instability not timely controlled tends toward an unrecoverable flight. Therefore, a stabilization control algorithm is required to act real time from onboard embedded hardware.

Embry Riddle University has also designed its own VTOL UAS that has achieved notoriety and funding from the Space Florida-Israel Innovation Partnership Program (Pinholster, 2017). The tail-sitter VTOL designed by university researchers’ named the Mark III is designed to be used in precision agriculture applications, security and surveillance missions, building and bridge inspections, and search and rescue missions (Pinholster, 2017). With its advanced flight control algorithms the platform can survey 250 acres of farm land in 20 minutes (Pinholster, 2017). The Mark III is representative of current and future uses of VTOL UAS see Figure 3 below.

As they are advancing, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increasingly use battery technology coupled with electric motors to supply energy, as opposed to fossil fuel combustion engines (Floreano & Wood, 2015). However, general development associated with UAVs sees the simultaneous processes of advancement of UAV-operated tasks in terms of complication and required time and relative stagnation of the battery technology that must be used to power the UAVs in such tasks (Floreano & Wood, 2015). The goal of a battery system in general is to maximize energy capacity and to minimize the total cell mass necessary to facilitate a given quantity of the former and researchers are at a standstill when the most energy-dense material available, lithium, cannot be utilized in its elemental form and reacts violently with many cathode materials (Hossain, 1995; Murata, Izuchi, & Yoshihasa, 2000). The literature will hereinafter be organized in its relation to: