Unsafe Fgm Practice

This assignment will identify and discuss the vulnerable group who is subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM) and consider what part practice nurses have in safeguarding girls and women from FGM and evaluating their role of nurse including barriers they face in safeguarding individuals including lack of education and being too culturally sensitive and whether their safeguarding individuals from FGM is effective. This assignment will then discuss Bolton NHS (2015) Safeguarding Adults at Risk policy and how to apply it as a qualified nurse and how it can influence registered nurse’s future safeguarding practices. Lastly, I will reflect on my learning from the safeguarding vulnerable group module and how it can influence my future safeguarding practice.

Imagine this! Being either a young girl or a woman forcefully bound against your will while elders perform a procedure called Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). The young girls and women who are forced to have this procedure done not only loses their rights to sexual pleasure but their rights are sliced, chopped, punctured, and finally burnt away. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) otherwise known as Female Genital Circumcision (FGC) is also a controversial topic in Western societies. This paper will examine the history of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), hegemonic perspective on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), health consequences of having this procedure done, how Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) affects women’s sexual function, and women who

On the contrary, it is known to be harmful to girls and women in many ways. First and foremost, it is painful and traumatic. The removal of or damage to healthy, normal genital tissue interferes with the natural functioning of the body and causes several immediate long-term health consequences. For example, babies born to women who have undergone female genital mutilation suffer a higher rate of neonatal death compared with babies born to women who have not undergone the procedure.

In the case of the Public Health Service (PHS) experimenting on inmates at the Terre Haute Federal Penitentiary for prophylaxis in gonorrhea, it was clear that the study was abandoned at a critical stage in its develop where a line would have been crossed, exposing and crossing moral/ethical boundaries set about in countries such as the U.S. as far as research on human beings is concerned. The decision to continue the same research beyond boarders and use subjects from a Guatemalan National Penitentiary with the mere consent of their supervisors and not from the subjects themselves, along with the differences in human rights policy in this nation, ultimately allowed the study to be undergone with less regulation, whereby human rights to justice

In an extensive article, by Richard Griffith he reinstates information from the WHO Organization that “It is estimated that 100–140 million girls and women worldwide are currently living with the consequences of female genital mutilation (FGM).” (World Health organization, 2008). It is a horrible practice in which young females between the ages of infant and fifteen years of age, undergo a surgery for the alteration, removal or partial removal of their genitalia for religious or cultural reasoning’s. If that isn’t terrifying enough, understand that this takes place against the will of the receiving party. This is reason by itself, along with many reasons to stands up against FGM, as it should be outlawed entirely. But, before we can establish the barrier between necessary and criminal in discussion with this topic, we must look at the research and history of this practice, and let the statistics speak for its self.

Today there are many more laws and steps to take in order to conduct a study with human subjects and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study would never be approved in today's society due to the many violations to human rights that this study would incur. The study would still violate the Henderson Act as well as the Declaration of Helsinki and in addition would violate several other newly developed guidelines. The National Organization for Human Services has created a set of standards that human service workers should abide by. A human service worker has a responsibility to treat their clients with respect and dignity as well as looking out for their safety (NOHS, 2005). A human service worker has an obligation to avoid any type of treatment or experiment that would put the client in harm's way.

Mid-South Women’s Health Center considers the ethical aspects of issues that impact the discipline of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health. This document represents the results of carefully researched and considered discussion. This material is intended to provide material for consideration and debate about these ethical aspects of our discipline for member organizations and their constituent membership.

This week's encounter with FGC or Female Genital Cutting disturbed me and my eyes were opened to some of the harsh realities in the world. Everyone in the class was either assigned to be "pro" FGC or against. Based on which side of the argument you were assigned, each side read an article defending that side, and everyone watched the same documentary on a journey of a young woman in Africa leading up to her coming of age ceremony involving genital cutting. Throughout the video, you can tell that FGC is a common and important practice in West African Societies. A teenager named Mary was preparing for the coming of age ceremony, and the nervousness was noticeable. Someone who actually does the cutting was interviewed, and she discussed her livelihood and how there is a certain technique to the practice. Finally the time come for Mary to "become a woman" and the cutting came and went. The ceremony was at the very least hard to watch. The pain was clear in the aftermath, but the celebration continued and Mary seemed fine at the end. Also, a woman named Alice

Thesis: Female Genital Circumcision is a cultural procedure that is performed on young girls for a variety of reasons. Members of this culture chose to continue these traditions because they believe they will gain sociological, health and marriage benefits for their daughters, ensuring these young girls a better future is mandatory.

Gibeau, Anne M. 1998. "Female Genital Mutilation: When a Cultural Practice Generates Clinical and Ethical Dilemmas." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 27 (1): 85-91.

Research has always been an important aspect in developing any type of advanced healthcare system. Nevertheless, the use of humans makes these studies controversial. The controversy is over how every time human specimens are used their rights were not correctly protected, which caused their bodies to be mutilated. This misconduct is present in both the case dealing with Henrietta Lacks and the men that participated in the Tuskegee syphilis trials. When studies similar to these become public society being to have a scud view of research studies as well as healthcare overall. Resulting from this nurses need to practice proper ethics when working on their patients.

In the case of the Public Health Service (PHS) experimenting on inmates at the Terre Haute Federal Penitentiary for prophylaxis in gonorrhea, the study was abandoned at a critical stage in its development where a line would have been crossed, exposing moral and ethical boundaries set about in countries such as the U.S. as far as research on human subjects is concerned. The study was undergone with less regulation as a result of the decision to extend the research beyond borders to study syphilis, use subjects from a Guatemalan National Penitentiary with the mere consent of their supervisors (not from the subjects themselves), along with the differences in human rights policy in this nation, whereby human rights to justice and moral obligation issues were jeopardized. The questions would therefore be: can it be well argued that the actions of the PHS and the OverNow study were morally justifiable under the given circumstances while conducting their research abroad?

Many ethical guidelines should come to mind when one is considering conducting an experiment. The experiment should allow the researcher to manipulate experimental variables without compromising any of the ethical guidelines. Although all seven principles of the ASA’s Code of Ethics are critical, the principle that would concern me the most when researching human sexuality would be preserving the confidentiality of my test subjects. Confidentiality must exist between the test subject and the researcher so that mutual trust exists between the two and ethical problems do not arise.

The perception that men in undeveloped parts of Africa have with regards to birth control and the female anatomy is also a reason for how come female genital mutilation occurs (Schmöker Annika, Kyungu Nkulu Kalengayi Faustine). Not only is there a stigma attached to women using different pharmaceutical methods of birth control, there is also a preconceived notion attached to partners using latex protective barriers. According to a study conducted by the Journal of Southern African Studies, an anonymous male who lives in a rural part of Africa, stated that “I trust my wife and she trusts me therefore I will not use a condom with her. Condoms indicate that we do not trust each other” (Maharaj, Pranitha, 254). Another example of how male dominance and definitive gender roles work against women in many parts of Africa is that it is often the mans jurisdiction when it comes to deciding what topics are to be conversed, and what is not acceptable to talk about. This can be the cause for very little communication between the husband and wife with regards to intercourse and family planning (Maharaj, Pranitha, 254). If a woman decides to speak up and discuss the topic with her husband, she may risk being physically abused for failing to comply with him. In order to correct this misconception, women must be empowered in order to feel confident enough

Female Genital Mutilation, is a topic which has caused many controversies worldwide. Female Genital Mutilation is a tradition since antiquity, which occurs in twenty eight countries in Africa, and among certain communities in the Middle East, and Asia. The latitude of this issue is massive. The United Nations estimates that this practice has been performed on about 140 million females, who encounter immediate complications of shock, infections, damage to the urethra, scar formation, tetanus, bladder infections, HIV, along with long -term complications that lead to death (Lauren V, 2011). It is estimated that 3 million girls are at risk annually! During this paper, I will discuss in depth the two ethical theories (Deontology and Utilitarianism). These ethical theories will be a guide, to help understand the moral issues of Female Mutilation, and whether one can view female mutilation to be right or wrong. Aside from the ethical theories, I