Upper And Lower Respiratory Tract

“Obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide are the primary functions of the respiratory system, which includes tubes that filter incoming air and transport air into and out of the lungs as well as microscopic air sacs where gases are exchanged” (Moini, 2013, p.497). Our respiratory system is broken down into two sections known as the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.

Corticosteroids mimic the effects of hormones your body produces naturally in your adrenal glands, which sit on top of your kidneys. When prescribed in doses that exceed your body 's usual levels, corticosteroids suppress inflammation. This can reduce the signs and symptoms of inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis and asthma.

Known also as “Bronchial asthma”, asthma is a long term inflammatory illness. It is specific breathing problem which is caused due to decreasing the space of the airways. The respiratory system takes oxygen into the lung and discards carbon dioxide. The airways play an important role in breathing, when we breathe, the air passes in the body through nose or mouth, and goes down to the lungs. The airways conduct to the chest, where it diverge into two (bronchioles), and then every bronchiole divides into small tubes till they reach the nodes in the lungs. When these

The main organs of the respiratory system are the lungs – they are the location where the gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The lungs therefore expand when you breathe in, and retract when you breathe out. This is done through the diaphragm – a sheet of muscle that is positioned under the lungs. As one inhales, their diaphragm contracts and moves itself downward, increasing the space for your lungs to expand to. The ribs also move to enlarge the possible area the lungs can expand to. This pressure causes air to be sucked through the body to the lungs. When one exhales, the opposite takes place – the diaphragm moves upwards and returns to normal, allowing the process to happen again.

In their Respiratory system, the trachea allows the carbon dioxide filled air into the lungs,

The lower respiratory system contains the lower trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli in the lungs. The bronchi form as the lower part of the trachea and branch into two in the left and right lung. The upper segments of the bronchi have C shaped cartilage rings which keep the bronchi open for airflow. The bronchi divide into smaller bronchioles inside the lungs. They are made up of smooth muscle (without cartilage). The bronchioles continue to divide into alveoli; small grape shaped air sacs. Each alveoli is surrounded by pulmonary capillaries. The function of the alveoli is to perform the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. There are millions of alveoli in the lungs, they have thin walls so the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide can move across the membrane without resistance to the pulmonary capillaries.

Like other hormones, steroids are synthesized in the cells of an endocrine gland, secreted into the blood stream and then travel to the target organs (Scovell 2004). Their hydrophobic nature makes a muscle cell store more nitrogen, which facilitates muscle growth. They are related to the male sex hormone, androgen. Although it is illegal to keep or distribute these drugs for non-medical purposes, many professional and amateur athletes take them to improve performance. The danger appears to lie specifically in the un-regulated dosage. Athletes take as many as 100 times the prescribed or regulated dose for medical use. This exposes the users to both short-term and long-term health

Anabolic Steroids are synthetically engineered products used to increase the production of testosterone in the body. Steroids are used all around the world for sporting events or for bodybuilding. A steroid basically encourages the body to use a higher percentage than normal of the calories one ingests to specifically convert those calories to building more muscle mass. While adding testosterone to the mix, the results can be phenomenal. Steroids are available as injections, soluble tablets, and solutions, ointments, creams, inhalers, and tablets. A user can expect huge gains in muscle mass, and in strength. Although, testosterone will increase muscle mass, they will hurt a person’s health in a large way. Even though people will take steroids

How does this type of steroid work? Who should NOT take this type of drug and why?

The respiratory system is the process responsible for the transportation and exchange of gases into and out of the human body. As we breath in, oxygen in the air containing oxygen is drawn into the lungs through a series of air pipes known as the airway and into the lungs. As air is drawn into the lungs and waste gas excreted, it passes through the airway, first through the mouth or nose and through the pharynx, larynx and windpipe – also known as the trachea. At this point it then enters the lungs through the bronchi before finally reaching the air sacs known as alveoli. Within the lungs, through a process known as diffusion, the oxygen is transferred to the blood stream through the alveoli (air ducts) where it is then transported inside

This type of steroid is called corticosteroid. These steroids are similar to hormones that your adrenal glands make to fight stress associated with illnesses and injuries. They reduce inflammation and affect the immune system. Some athletes use corticosteroids to reduce inflammation in their body from the constant stress they put their body through.

Upper respiratory tract: Composed of the nose, the pharynx, and the larynx, the organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the chest cavity.

Mammals inhale air through the nasal cavity which then travels down a passage called the larynx and then the trachea; 2 passages that ensure strength as well as flexibility and are both lined with cartilage ring to keep the airway open, yet allow structural support when the neck is moved (varies in different mammals). This is a function similar to that of an insect. The trachea then splits off into a left and right bronchus. These bronchi are the primary tracts in the respiratory airway that conducts air in to each lung. The bronchi then split off further into finer tubes called

Prednisolone is chemically known as a corticosteroid which is a ‘steroid hormones’ (DIAAIC). The corticosteroids are produced in the adrenal cortex and come in two forms; glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. The two forms differ in that glucocorticoids act as anti-inflammatory steroids and as a metabolising agent. The mineralocorticoids however, work to maintain a balance between the water and salt levels in the body. Prednisolone is used to treat inflammatory diseases and is therefore known as a ‘synthetic glucocorticosteroid’. Steroids work by reducing swelling and inflammation (DIAAIC).

Steranobol: Chemically, steranobol has a chloro- group added at the 4-position of testosterone. It is an artificial, synthetic androgenic steroid with anabolic effects similar to testosterone. It is frequently used illegally to improve physical performance in sports and athletics and thus, is prohibited by many sports authorities, including the International Olympic Committee.