Upward Mobility

Reading the articles “From Beyond Outrage” by Robert B. Reich, and “A Tangle of Pathology to a Race-Fair America” by Alan Aja. Daniel Bustillo, William Darity Jr., and Darrick Hamilton, made me comprehend additional perspectives about class, ethnic groups, and education to our examination of success. Specifically, the way “A Tangle of Pathology to a Race-Fair America” explains its point of views, and the facts that it provides makes the reader fully understand how race has affected employment throughout the years. Black families were trapped in the Tangle of Pathology; representing how they had, and still continue to have, extremely low benefits and advantages compared to the whites. Race, class and education have a powerful connection, since

Upward mobility comes with a lot of social pressure, especially from a higher class that does not pertain to you initially. If you choose to assimilate into an Elite identity, you are revoking your roots. For example in Robert Grandfields article, “Making it by Faking it” he presents us with research on middle class students entering an ivy league University.

Is it racism or economics which hinders many African American communities from progressing economically in the 21st Century? This research proposal will address this question by examining the social and psychological impact caused by racism and the economic impact it’s had on the African American community. This proposal will further investigate whether the emotional scars of slavery continue to hamper African American progress or if racism is actually the cause.

Decades of failed public and private remedies for chronic disparities and disadvantages in communities of color invite us to reexamine systems and institutions that provide and restrict opportunity in new ways (Lawrence, K., 2011). The causes seem to be intertwined being poor equals, equals a poor education, equals lack of employment, and ultimately equals an increased rate of crime.

Racial discrimination is the main and ongoing problem in the social life of Americans. When we look at the gap of incomes between White and African Americans, we can see the inequality between these two groups. In general, whites have more annual earnings than their black counterparts in America. Lori Ann Campbell and Robert L. Kaufman emphasized that the wealth determinants, which are the indicators of socio-economic status, have effected more on Whites than Blacks. And even when society is organized, there is still some disparities on account of race and ethnicity. (Campbell and Kaufman, 2006). And income disparities between African and White Americans have definitely effected the peace of the social life. According to Campell and

In “The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing discrimination” by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff tester, the main concept of racial disparity and inequality among neighborhoods is discussed, and how those inequalities became to be. They first highlight the wide range of potentially exclusionary practices, through qualitative and quantitative data comprised of over 750 verified housing discrimination cases (Roscigno, p. 162). Citing the U.S. Census, it is found that Blacks, compared to Hispanics and Asians, continue to experience high levels of residential segregation. This is done through discriminatory practices, whether they be by exclusionary or non-exclusionary methods. Even after the passing of the Fair Housing Act in 1988, discrimination against Blacks and Hispanics decreased somewhat, though African Americans still appeared to take part in racial steering, and Hispanics continued to have limitations in regards to opportunities and access to rental units (Roscigno, p. 163).

In order to eliminate the racist perception that Black poverty derives from laziness, the government should allocate public resources to restoring the predominantly African American communities by providing cheaper housing and resources for children. By restoring the communities, Blacks will have more opportunities and be seen more positively, both of which counteract the racist presumption that all African Americans are poor and lazy. Additionally, by making Black communities just as desirable as their white counterparts, the direct correspondence between race and affluence will no longer be as prevalent. As part of a new housing act in 1949, Chicago received funding for new housing projects – 98 percent of which were built in Black neighborhoods.

Rough Draft & Thesis Statement Minorities are faced with housing discrimination on levels much higher than that of white people which is considered white privilege. Residential segregation has been strategically planned and carried out by multiple parties throughout history and persists today ultimately inhibiting minorities from making any of the social or economic advances that come from living in affluent neighborhoods and communities. From our research, the scholarly sources have depicted multiple causes of racial disparity. Housing segregation perpetuates negative circumstances for people of color, as looked at through history, laws, segregation, real estate, and ... The end of the Civil War and the start of the Industrial Revolution and

One of the most important principles in American society is social and economic mobility, otherwise known in the USA as the American Dream. This principle states that if one works hard, they can make it to the top no matter where you start. Depiction of this ideal is very common, where someone starts at the very bottom of the socioeconomic totem pole, yet through hard work and perseverance, becomes highly successful. This principle was born out of American protestant ethic, where it is believed that hard work will earn you riches and vice versa that your riches and success is a tell of your work ethic. However, this depiction is not typical in American society, where only a small amount of those who compose the lowest earners become the highest earners. Many factors contribute to one’s prospects for upward mobility, such as parent income, education, and occupation. However, there appears to be one factor in particular that can prevent one from becoming successful, no matter how hard they work, that being their race. It is typically well known that there are certain societal disadvantages associated with being a race other than non-Hispanic White. This idea that your race can affect your future success very much countervails American protestant ethic, and proceeds to feed into the racist portrayal of minorities as "lazy" or "freeloaders". The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect that race has on one 's potential for upward socioeconomic mobility. As

Both institutionalized racial segregation and violence are themes that were discussed by Leslie McFadden at the conference that relate to the Civil Rights Movement, Black Power, and urban unrest. Institutionalized racial segregation has been around since, African Americans were brought to the U.S in the eighteenth century. In the case of Michael Brown, the ghettos in Ferguson are the results of institutionalized segregation. Institutionalized segregation is formed by the unjust mistreatment and discrimination a society demonstrates to a group of people. In the United States, African Americans

These heavily populated minority neighborhoods are usually served by poor public education and safety systems. Housing discrimination contributes to more costly housing for people of color, furthering the economic divide between whites and African Americans. Due to an increasing open "promotion" of inequality, the plight of African Americans ultimately undermines the premise that all Americans are entitled to equal under the law and further disadvantages people of color.

It was a way to constraint African Americans to areas that were far away from those with status, class, and power. Segregation led to discrimination in economic opportunities, housing, and education. The black culture has suffered from the barriers that were placed through segregation. However, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Fair Housing Act of 1968 tried to limit some of the discrimination associated with segregation. It was discovered that even a “rising economic status had little or no effect on the level of segregation that blacks experience” (Massey and Denton 87). The authors imply that “black segregation would remain a universal high” (Massey and Denton 88). The problem with the continuing causes in Segregation is that even though the Fair Housing act was placed, many realtors still discriminate against blacks “through a series of ruses, lies, and deceptions, makes it hard for them to learn about, inspect, rent, or purchase homes in white neighborhoods” (Massey and Denton 97). Segregation and discrimination have a cumulative effect over time. Massey and Denton argued that the “act of discrimination may be small and subtle, together they have a powerful cumulative effect in lowering the probability of black entry into white neighborhood” (98). William Julius Wilson had

The United States has come a long way since the 1960s civil rights movement, yet many large, metropolitan areas within its borders still experience vast amounts of racism and segregation- especially in the area of residential living. The topic of this research draws attention to the issue of racial residential segregation, particularly in the city of St. Louis. Even though there are official laws against discrimination in jobs, housing, school, etc., much of this prejudice is still very prevalent within social norms. The goal of this research is to analyze the posed question: Why and how does a person of African American descent experience racial residential segregation in their quest of finding housing? In this study, the experience and treatment will be measured as being dependent on race within the residential sector.

Ho provides the example of the American housing market to prove that even markets that are considered “neutral” like the housing market actually favor some market participants (white men in particular) over others (people of color). She calls markets “elite white racial fraternities,” highlighting the extent to which opportunities are limited to certain groups of people (Ho 2018, 150). Ho posits that housing opportunities heavily favored white men because of “massive federal subsidies” and loans that were “offered only to white men across class backgrounds” effectively “created a majority middle-class founded in whiteness” (Ho 2018, 149). Systemic racism throughout private and public sectors have excluded certain groups from the middle-class, and now certain members of the middle-class have less social mobility. Such systemic racism is not only difficult to fix but also keeps certain groups down and propagates wealth inequality. If, for example, an African-American cannot get a loan to buy a home, he or she has a lower chance of building wealth compared to a white person who could get a loan. As Ho elucidates, “cultural norms… ensured that the “economic” principle of supply and demand in housing was in fact centrally structured by race” (149). Thus, wealth inequality is not only growing between the richest and the poorest but among white people and people of color. As wealth

Nanay (Mother), a 2009 testimonial play on verbatim research interview transcripts of Geraldine Pratt in collaboration with the Philippine Women Centre and Filipino-Canadian Youth Alliance on Filipino Live-In Caregivers (LCP) of British Columbia, tells one story, among others, of a young woman who was left behind in the Philippines in the care f her father. Her monologue highlights her urge to drop out of high school, the conflict she has with her mother, and her compromised future. Though she was pursuing a university study in the Philippines, her education ambitions shrank in Canada. Rather, she completed a six-month medical assistant course because of its modest length and cost. Her story (hence the life experience of Filipino youth who