Urbanisation : The Causes And Effects Of Urbanization In India

What is urbanization? Urbanization is the increase of population in an urban area. It is as much as a social process as it is an economic and territorial process. There are a few major cause of urbanization which include the industrial revolution, immigration, push and pull factor. Industrialization is the increase and development of a society or country that transforms its self s itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the industrialized of goods and services. The increasing number of factories created has a powerful need for labor, compelling people in rural areas to move to the city, and drawing immigrants from around the world to come to Canada for employment. As a result, Canada has transformed from a rural to an urban nation, and the demographics of the country shifted dramatically. Subsequent industrial development the process of urban¬ization is accelerating at much more rapidly rate. Urbanization brings about social and cultural changes in community life, which also correspond to modernization. The loss of community life and traditional large-sized joint families on one hand and growing individualism, and smaller sizes of house¬holds and development of independent personalities in a diverse community on the other, are the commonly observed characteristics of urban as well as modern way of

Urbanisation is caused by people inhabiting the cities and towns moving away from rural areas. This can be a problem because it causes Overcrowding, waste accumulation, transport systems.

The author Mike Davis has done countless research on the topic of urban poverty. In his studies he collects and receives his information from other sources. Perhaps this is the reason why he has a negative view on slums. This is illustrated in his piece “Planet of Slums” as he discusses the politics, urban development, and methods within the slums population. According to Davis, slums and urban poverty have and will continue to significantly increase. While doing so, the gap in exclusion and inequality will grow. As a result, this will weaken urban elites in their work to utilize cities as engines of growth. Slums and slum population are classified as those who are living below the poverty lines, all while, being associated with overcrowding, having poor or informal housing, inadequate access to safe water and sanitation, and insecurity of tenure. This is being recognized as an international phenomenon. To emphasis this phenomenon, approximately half of the slum population in most

Mike Davis, author of Planet of Slums, predicts the direction in which the world’s cities are headed, and how the changes in living conditions are only going to deteriorate if certain trends continue. The title of his book explains Davis’s vision for the future of cities as he feels there is enough evidence pointing towards an exponential rise in slum populations across the world’s largest cities. Additionally, he expresses his opinion on many issues regarding the rapid rise in developing cities’ slum populations, although he offers very one-sided arguments geared towards those who feel the current system is causing more problems rather than improving current conditions. This causes Davis to overlook the problems of slums as resolvable through different modes of assistance such as international aid programs. Instead, he views aid programs as the root cause of imbalance created during industrialization. Throughout the book, Davis presents information that confirms his preconceptions towards the slums. Therefore, all the evidence that is presented by him portrays confirmation bias as Davis fails to mention anything about the resolution of the problem of the growing number of slums and instead sees this problem as unavoidable. Particularly, Davis’ writing, although intended for the general population, is more geared towards critics who have similar ideas. Instead of providing the means through which the economy could be improved and the problem of slums could be resolved, it is

The problem arises if urbanization is needed for people to have in their life. As people begin to evolve and technology becomes more advanced, the need for space is crucial, and urbanization for people becomes the best alternative for modern life to be stable. Focusing on the benefits only, people become blind from the impact other individuals who are in between urbanization struggle with. The people that are in between the construction of urbanization have no other choice but to accept it and move. Urbanization has become a problem in the life of low-income families, but people have to follow modern life in order to survive emotionally and financially. The benefits from urbanization are high for the economically stable families and those who

In other words, it is urbanization that means the physical growth of urban areas as a result of rural immigration. The reason for this movement is that rural areas have the highest rate of unemployment due to the limited opportunities for employment in their communities. Some of them located geographically in remote locations. While in urban areas have more opportunities of development for the population because they concentrate modernization and industrialization. Urbanization has an economic effect such as the rise of prices in the real states. Also, the environmental effect due to the concentration of more people in an area. Another trend is the diversity; cities are attractive for people from different

In order for the government to accommodate for the unprecedented population boom during the Industrial Revolution that took place in 19th century Britain, millions of people were shoved in cramped and hastily built compartments known as slums, lacking sanitation and basic necessities. Unfortunately these conditions are prevalent in modern-day Mumbai, where massive amounts of people migrate to the city’s slums in search of jobs and opportunities. The Mumbai government has posed inefficient solutions to the issue of overpopulation, all of which result in the demolition of the residents’ homes without due compensation. What the people need is a solution that fixes the state of the slums but doesn’t destroy their homes. Without the

In the book, “Planet of Slums” Mike Davis discusses, why there are mast migration from the rural villages to the megacities of the Third World. What megacities are is a city when the total population in it exceeds over eight million. He also discusses how the treason of the state, international banks and the ideas thinkers like Hernando de Soto makes the lives of people in the urban south much worse. Urban south are cities like Mexico City, Delhi, Dhaka, Cairo, Beijing, Lima and etc (Davis 4) that experience in major increase in population by more than ten times its size from 1950 to 2004, it is cities in the third world. Mike Davis believed that, the government, international banks and thinkers such as Hernando de Soto are the one responsible for making the condition in the urban south terrible for the poor while good only for the officials and the rich.

In developed and developing countries, urban centers have been an alternative center for human settlement and hence, the rate of urbanization is increasing at the turn of this century. Recent studies indicate that at the beginning of the twentieth century, only 10% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. However, currently, half of the world’s population has become urban dwellers (UNCHS, 2002). This shows that urbanization all over the world is expanding from time to time and the change has vast implication on the living conditions of the urban society. Due to rapid urbanization, the concentration of people especially, in cities and towns of developing countries increasingly aggravated the problem of housing. A large proportion of residents in cities and towns developed as well as developing countries are tenants (UN-HABITAT, 2003).

may even be reduced. As the population of an economy becomes wealthier, many prefer to live in the cleaner and quieter environments of the countryside. Thus, employees need to commute into cities for work, for which the necessary requirements, such as public transport or individual car ownership, are only given in more developed countries. Cities in developing countries, on the other hand, still continue to grow. Only the pace is two to five times faster than it was in the European countries during the period of industrialization (Kojima, 1996). Many developing countries in the world are currently experiencing an unprecedented rate of urbanization. It is also clear that, unlike the experience of currently developed countries, the process of urbanization presently taking place in developing countries is not so much due to rapid industrialization. Rather, it is the consequence of growing population pressure on land in the rural areas (Kassahun, 2000). Urbanization has largely taken place as a result of the “push” of rural inhabitants to urban areas (International Labour Organization 1998). Like many developing countries, Ethiopia remains among one of the least urbanized countries in the world. In Ethiopia, Informal settlement is socially, politically and economically growing problems, usually referred to residential areas where a group of housing units have been constructed on land to which the occupants have no legal claim or which they occupy illegally. Using the Ethiopian

The process of people moving into cities, which is called urbanisation, was happening around the world in past decades. It causes cities to have more labourers and resources than before. This makes a big contribution to the social development of cities. Thanks to these social developments, public services are becoming better in these areas. Citizens can enjoy a better life by access these public services such as better medical care, more education resources and well-built transport. It means an equitable society can be created. An equitable society means citizens can have more opportunities to access social resources and to live a better life. This essay will argue that

Many small town dwellers and villagers had left their hometown for the cities in search of higher standard of living. This movement from rural areas to big cities is called urbanization (Boundless, 2015). As a result, urbanization is the process by which there is an increase in the number and the percentage of people living in the urban settlements and the amount of industrialization of the settlement. In Belize statistics shows that 45% of the population lives in urban areas (Population Reference Bureau, 2014). It also refers to the increase in the size of land area occupied by urban settlements such as towns and cities. Although urbanization has brought about numerous positive impacts, it also has its share of disadvantages as well. The negative impacts of urbanization shall be discussed by means of the economic, environmental and social aspect.

Urbanization causes financial problems to the overwhelming majority of the people. This is because problems with money are widespread in urban areas. First of all, urbanization leads to the extreme growth of unemployment. For instance, as reported by the International Labour Organization, International unemployment rose to 210 million people in 2010 (David & Vicente 2012, p.154). According to David & Vicente (2012, p.156) vast amounts of unemployment results in human resources not being used efficiently across cities which cause social inequality. This evidence shows that urbanization causes unemployment. Urbanization leads to significant overpopulation in the central cities, which causes high competition and as a result lower job opportunities for most people in the labor market. As businesses and governments cannot produce enough jobs to meet the demand of a fast-growing population, a lot of individuals are faced with a shortage of employment and deprived of a vital source of income. As a result, lack of revenue leads to inequality in society. Secondly, urbanization leads to a lack of affordable housing for the overwhelming majority of urban people. According to Gan (et al., 2017, p.427) in the forthcoming future, the global urban population will reach around 6.3 billion people in 2050, and about 94% of them will be in developing countries. Furthermore, approximately 828 million people from developing countries currently live in inadequate housing and this number will rise

Slums are hindrance to the achievement of economic growth and development. It is the duty of the government to plan effectively towards the achievement of quality life within the cities. Slums contribute towards the presence of criminal activities within the cities and unemployment hence a significant force towards the overall economic development. Upgrading of slums is vital in the process of offering economic, social, institutional, and cultural services to the city dwellers like other citizens.

The year 2010 is estimated to mark the transition of a majority (50.6%) of the world‟s population from rural to urban. UNPD. (2007) The most alarming implications of rapid urbanization include irrevocable alteration of local and global environments, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources and widening social equity gaps within urban areas. With the migration of masses from rural to urban ares cities are overcrowded and vulnerability and exposure aspects accruing it are in the state of change. Against this background it is imperative to examine the responses from these urban masses to the various disasters in the urban areas. One particularly problematic aspect of this challenge is the selection of appropriate adjustments and adaptations to natural hazards that are exacerbated by urbanization. The present dissertation seeks to examine the existing approaches to flood hazard risk reduction in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Floods are considered the most common and highly damaging of all hazards, and it has been predicted that they are likely to become more frequent, more prevalent and more serious in the years to come (Muchtar & Bahar 2010) especially in fast growing cities of the world which are witnessing rapid urbanisation. Compared to other types of natural disasters, they account for approximately 20-40% of the events which are reported (Sene 2008). Their nature is governed by various factors, which include the properties of the drainage, rainfall