Urbanization Dbq Essay

Hand in hand, industrialization and technological advancements developed negative consequences include heavy pollution, lack of sanitation, the longing for environmental reform, and political corruption.Together immigration and migration resulted in overcrowding, increase of crime rates, and segregation. Urbanization in some ways resembled the beginning of English settlement in the 1600s. Both were caused by immigration and resulted in high crime rates by varying secondary factors. The period of urbanization was a time of innovation of immeasurable proportions, but with great achievement came negative consequences that needed to be addressed in order to allow for the continual expansion of cities that have created lasting impressions on culture and society in

Throughout history, children have always worked, either as apprentices or servants. However, child labor reached a whole new scale during the time period of the Industrial Revolution. Throughout the time frame of late 1800s-early 1900s, children worked long hours in dangerous factory conditions for very little wages. They were considered useful as laborers because their small stature allowed them to be cramped into smaller spaces, and they could be paid less for their services. Many worked to help support their families, and by doing so, they forwent their education. Numerous nineteenth century reformers and labor groups sought to restrict child labor and to improve working conditions.

Conditions of factories were not safe for anyone, let alone a small child. Due to these conditions many children died before their prime. Many children “began work at age 5, and generally died before they were 25” (www.victorianweb.org), America was beginning to lose an entire generation due to these working conditions that so many had to endure. Children were hired at an alarming rate. “In 1870, the first time census reported child workers, there were 750,000 workers in the United States age 15 and under, not including those who worked on family farms or in other family businesses” (“Child Labor in America”), these numbers were not something that was looked over, it astonished many. “A cotton manufactory of 5 or 6000 spindles will employ those 200 children” (Bremner 232). The workforce would continuously grow, hiring more and more children each day. Factories were good for using children as a means of their productivity. “Textile factories, for the most part […] were in the forefront of this industrial revolution, and children formed an essential component of the new industrial workforce” (Bremner 232). Many times without these children working some of these factories would not have survived through the revolution.

Although the Industrial Revolution had many good things about it, it has more negative things than positive. The Industrial Revolution has more negative than positive. While some might argue that Industrialization had primarily positive consequences for society because of medical advances it was actually a negative thing for society. Industrialization’s negative effects were pollution a danger to environments, harsh working hours, and child labor.

During the industrial revolution in Britain, the usage of child labourers dramatically increased as it became a cheap and easy form of labour. This lead to the continued abuse of many children in textile factories. In 1833, the Factory Act of 1833 was put forth which dictated that no children under the age of nine would work. Children ages nine to thirteen wouldn’t work more than nine hours a day and children ages thirteen to eighteen wouldn’t work more than twelve hours a day. In addition it introduced the circulation of four factory inspectors who were to enforce the new legislation. They were to certify whether children had received their compulsory education of two hours each day and report conditions to the government. This act brought forth attention and sparked debates from the public which made stronger note of the working conditions for children.

While some might argue that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because of the horrible working conditions, it was actually a positive thing for society; Industrialization’s positive effects were the production increases, more efficient transportation and better living conditions. The assembly line and factories were forms of production increase. The railroads and automobiles are examples of efficient transportation, and tenements and urban renewal are examples of better living conditions. These come to show that the industrial revolution was a major improvement in product distribution, transportation and living quarters.

Unlike today, children of the 1800’s were given jobs that have dangerous machines that can chop “little fingers, arms and legs”. They were also forced to work for long hours which vary from 10 to 14 hours each day! The children in Lowell worked in ”very dangerous places” that can lead to “injuries and even deaths.” Through the 10 to 14 hours of labor “factories put out fumes and toxins.” This is being supported by the article; Childhood Lost: Child Labor During the Industrial Revolution. In the novel, Lyddie decided to work and not break the rules of working in the mills. Throughout the novel, she decided not to sign the petition that limits the amount of hours of working in the Lowell Mills. Finally, Lyddie decided to fight back and went to

Children were working to have an income to help support their families during this era. They worked in factories, coal mines, and on farms. The factories that they worked in often worked the children as vigorously as the adults. They were not allowed breaks and worked over 69 hours per week (Source 3). “The Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong, the Factory Boy” by Frances Milton Trollope, illustrated these conditions. A child’s death from working was the most common way to die in this century (Source 1).

Throughout the American Industrial Revolution, child labor in industries such as textiles, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, laboring, street work, and domestic work was endemic in the United States. Several factors, including mechanization, urbanization, industrialization, poverty, labor shortages, and lack of regulation were the primary causes for this increase in child labor. Children, as young as three years old, worked from sunrise to sunset in factories, mines, fields, and mills where conditions were excruciating. The arduous work resulted in myriad deleterious effects, namely, afflictive injuries, pitiful deaths, and bleak futures. In order to curtail the abusive conditions, numerous people championed the rights of child laborers and ultimately achieved their concordant goal of gaining federal regulation of minimum employment ages, permissible types of jobs, and duration of work hours for youths.

“By the 1800s, people could earn higher wages in factories than on farms.” (Industrialization; Case study:Manchester, 723) Although these higher wages made in factories pushed the industrial revolution forward, by being able to afford resources such as coal, factory life damaged its workers and the community by created border between classes. For example, working conditions. Working conditions during this time were extremely poor, and on average, a worker would spend 14 hours a day in factories. Factories were unsanitary, unsafe and generally not enjoyable. “Factories were seldom well lit or clean. Machines injured workers. A boiler might explode or a drive belt might catch an arm. And there was no government program to provide aid in case of injury.” (Industrialization; Case

The industrialization of all nations was important to help products get shipped to different places. For example, as The Results of Machines says, “…with an infinite number of comforts and conveniences which had no existence two or three centuries ago and those comforts are not used only by a few, but are within the reach of almost all men. “ (Document 9) Before the introduction of factories and urbanization, basic human needs like food and clothing were not accessible to the poor working class. However with the mass production of those clothes came an overflow of product, and as a result of a high demand, prices had to be decreased. With these new lower selling points, even a peasant could earn himself a decent pair of pants and a shirt. Along with this, Encarta’s artist’s rendition of an Industrial city

In the early 1900’s, children were often forced to work long hours with very little pay. In addition, the conditions in these factories were considered highly dangerous. Because the children were required to work in these labor conditions to support their families, they were unable to get the education they deserved. The working conditions during the Industrial Revolution were poor; however, the working environment for minors today has significantly improved. There is a long list of physical demanding jobs that are not allowed to employ children.

During the Industrial Revolution, children as young as six years old sometimes worked instead of going to school. They were not paid very much. The conditions were dangerous. Children were breathing dirty air and often worked on dangerous machines.

Industrialization contributed to city growth in many ways. Industry not only changes a country’s way of living, it also transforms class struggles and social actions. During the 1700s-1800s industrialization grew and had four major effects on how it contributed to city growth.

The Industrial Revolution brought many changes to the West. New advancements took place but there was also tensions and disadvantages. The development of factories and technology helped to create growing cities. People migrated to the cities to take on new jobs and a new way of life. Growing cities put much stress on the government and urban structures. Cities were becoming more crowded and housing also became crowded. There were also unsanitary conditions that led to the spread of diseases. Workers also faced harsh conditions and long hours. The machinery was dangerous and led to many injuries. Child labor also occurred and many children worked in unsafe conditions. There were not many rights to protect workers either. Another tension that