Urbanization of Lagos

Rapid urbanisation has caused a variety of problems, including transport congestion, lack of sufficient homes and living conditions, sanitary and health care issues, and crime. For all these problems, city planners have attempted potential solutions, each with varying degrees of success. Cities including London, Manila and Mumbai have several of the aforementioned problems, and have each tried their own potential solutions. This essay will discuss how successful these schemes have been in resolving these issues.

In 1934, Congress created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to assist citizens with their housing needs. According to “Department of Housing and Urban Development” on Allgov.com, “In July 1947, the Housing and Home Finance Agency was established to help people buy homes following World War II. Two years later, the Housing Act of 1949 was enacted to help eradicate slums and promote redevelopment in urban areas.” The Department of Housing and Urban Development Act began with the Housing Act of 1949. According to The Department of Housing and Urban Development written by John B. Willmann, “The Act of 1949 added new prestige to the Housing and Home Finance Agency by authorizing broader public housing activity.” The Housing Act of 1949 also promoted urban redevelopment and research on housing and development problems.

Overrapid urbanization brought undesirable byproducts such as slums, feeble street lighting, bad policing, and poor garbage disposal

The New York State Tenement House Bill banned dark and airless tenements. The bill required tenements to be built around a courtyard to help with ventilation. This bill also required a bathroom for every three rooms in a dwelling. Overall, this improved the living conditions drastically. The National Conference on City Planning improved the park, building codes and sanitation standards throughout the city. An example of this is they wanted to halt the spread of slums and make the city beautiful. The goal was to make people proud to live in the city. These two reforms helped in numerous ways, but there were also labor reforms that successfully impacted the lives of

Urban regeneration is defined as improving an area that has been experiencing a period of decline due to a variety of reasons, such as lack of employment, lack of investment in the CBD, suburbanisation etc. Ways that this can be resolved include property led regeneration, prestige project developments and partnership development schemes. These have all been carried out in the UK recently due to urban decline in some areas, and some have been more successful in others, in terms of its effectiveness on the location, effectiveness on problems that existed beforehand and the effect on the local community. Most importantly, the

With the impact and push from 1949 Housing Act, the Pruitt-Igoe housing development in St. Louis, Missouri and other high-rise public housing of 50s and 60s became the pioneers of urban renewal movement, and most of them have long recognized as a prototype for the failure of public housing and constantly for well-intentioned governmental policies in general. This essay will look back beyond the impression of the collapse, focusing on exploring the temporal, social, economic and legislative issues, which led to the failure and final death of the public housing.

The act’s other major provision, Title III, authorized $1.5 billion to finance the construction of 810,000 units of public housing and another $308 million to help pay the difference between the cost of the projects and the rents of the low-income tenants. The Housing Act of 1949 initiated a surge of building projects that reshaped urban politics and planning across the United States. Although the actual assumptions for public housing fell short of the goals set forth in the law, the act made public housing an important part of the urban redevelopment program. The provisions for subsidized slum clearance and rebuilding were even more popular with city officials who used them to replace slums with both public and private housing, stadiums, and even parking lots. In the 1960s, urban renewal was targeted for discriminating against minorities, since it often resulted in minority-heavy slums being destroyed and replaced with more expensive housing or non-residential public works that were not accommodating to the original inhabitants. Unknown at the time was that the removal of slums for high-rise affordable housing would lead to their failure and further exacerbate the already prevalent urban crisis.

While reading HOUSING AUTHORITY &c. v. Johnson, 74 SE 2d 891 - Ga: Supreme Court 1953, I was very perplexed. The record in this case discloses that the redevelopment project here proposed involves 139 acres of land and a population of 5056 persons and 818 dwelling structures *561 together with a number of structures now being used for business purposes. It is proposed to remove all buildings from the area, and thereafter the property "shall be used for light manufacturing or industrial use, warehousing and servicing operations, and related activities." It is further provided that, "said redevelopment plan provides for the ultimate sale or lease of the land acquired in carrying out said redevelopment project to private individuals." Such of

This verdict was hammered home by the well-publicized demolition in 1972 of the Pruitt– Igoe project in St. Louis” (Massey & Kanaiaupuni, 1993). Although most politicians viewed large housing complexes (projects) as a social destruction it did help to recreate new strategies for improving the housing program. America’s most impoverished populations were still struggling to maintain decent housing at an affordable rate.

Gentrification is the term used for the process of renewal and rebuilding of an existing urban district, accompanied by the arrival of wealthier people, an increase in rents and property values, and the transformation of an urban district's character and culture. It is a term often used negatively because of it's suggested displacement of poorer communities by affluent outsiders. It is also seen by proponents as an urban planning strategy because it is meant to minimize the growth of urban slums and revitalize crime-ridden, poorer communities. This is not always the case when gentrification harms the low-income populations by exacerbating affordable housing problems, destroying long-standing social ties, and re-segregating the urban housing

However there are still different attitudes to redevelopment, some claim that the scheme was completed with "tremendous optimism” and it’s believed, "The area's beginning to look up, but you do get people saying we will never get out of this rot, that the area's too run down." And physically,

The lack of housing access was a serious problem, hence the government undertakes mulitple measures to tackle the massive housing shortage inherited from the colonial government to ensure that all of its citizens had access to affordable housing.[1]

Nigeria is an Agricultural and oil rich nation but characterised by Political instability, corruption, poor

Slums are hindrance to the achievement of economic growth and development. It is the duty of the government to plan effectively towards the achievement of quality life within the cities. Slums contribute towards the presence of criminal activities within the cities and unemployment hence a significant force towards the overall economic development. Upgrading of slums is vital in the process of offering economic, social, institutional, and cultural services to the city dwellers like other citizens.

Since there is limited intervention possible for these densely and ill-structured suburbs of Accra like Jamestown, Chorkor and Bukom, it is very important that for the now developing areas, measures will be taken to forestall such inconveniences to the society in the future. With the goal of a middle income status in mind, the government can undertake the building of a model town like Abuja in Nigeria where the overall structure will be supervised and developed by the town and country planning authority. The other alternative is for the government to direct the owners of lands- especially stool lands, to make provisions for structures like schools, clinics, community centres, etc.