Ureteric Calculi Essay

     Luckily, after the excruciating occurrence, the stone usually doesn’t damage anything. Sometimes there comes a situation where the kidney stone either becomes too big or for some reason gets wedged in the urinary tract and the pain worsens. Also, the urine begins to get backed up, and the bladder and urinary tract begins to get infected. Thus, an operation must be performed. Originally, they were removed, either by slicing the bladder or kidney open, or by shoving an instrument up the ureter. Fortunately, through the miracles of technology, one does not necessarily have to go through this “invasive” treatment. Instead, there is a treatment that uses shockwaves to slice up the stone. This is called kidney stone lithotripsy. A large machine uses sound waves to break up the stone into small fragments that can be more easily passed through.

Urinary stones, as known as Nephrolithiasis, a common disease that affects 1 in 10 Australians. The most of stones pass spontaneously, but some conditions, particularly ongoing pain, renal impairment and infection, mandate intervention (Macneil & Bariol, 2011). The formation of urinary stone is the calcium and uric get stuck together in the urine and becomes hard crystals. It can be small as the grain of sand or large as a golf ball (Health line, N.D). Patient whom has urinary stone will feel ongoing pain that as known as renal colic, when those stones become big enough. Renal colic is a pain caused by urinary tract stone blockage, it can be anywhere in the urinary tract that including the area from kidneys to the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

Nephrolithiasis can be suspected based on the history and physical examination. However, lab works and diagnostic imaging are important to confirm and exclude the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis. Urinalysis is performed to examine the presence of blood, urine pH and crystals to identify the contents of the stone as well as infection. An elevated WBC count or presence of bacteria in the urine is a sign of infection. Identifying the stone composition will help to direct the medical therapy for the patient. A 24 hour urine collection is done to identify dietary and individual risk factors for recurrent nephrolithiasis. Several imaging studies can be performed to rule out nephrolithiasis. If a patient is pregnant or contraindicated for better imaging

Ureteric calculi are stones within the ureters, which are the tubes responsible for the passage of urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Patients may present with a myriad of symptoms, which include, but are not limited to, nausea, vomiting, blood in the urine and pain. This pain may radiate to the back, flank or lower abdomen depending on where within the ureters the stone is lodged. Most stones are composed of calcium, but some are composed of struvite, which is magnesium ammonium phosphate. Few stones are also composed of uric acid and even fewer are predominantly made up of cysteine.

Blood tests may uncover a lot of calcium or uric corrosive in your blood. Blood test results screen the strength of your kidneys and may lead your specialist to check for other restorative conditions. The 24-hour pee gathering test may demonstrate that you're discharging excessively numerous stone-shaping minerals or excessively few stone-counteracting substances. For this test, your specialist may ask for that you perform two pee accumulations more than two back to back days. You might be requested that urinate through a strainer to catch stones that you pass. Lab investigation will uncover the cosmetics of your kidney stones. Your specialist utilizes this data to figure out what's creating your kidney stones and to shape an arrangement to avert more kidney

The technology is used only if the stone is big or if the stone is blocking the flow of urine. The doctor will tell the patient to book for an appointment, so a Endoscopic surgery can be performed, to take out the stone.

Uric Acid stones precipitate under these circumstances increased urinary uric acid concentration secondary to overproduction, increased renal tubular uric acid secretion, decrease renal tubular uric acid reabsorption, decrease in the urinary volume or increased hydrogen ion concentration. Some causes include purine enzyme defects, leading to overproduction and increased uric acid concentration in the urine for example, HGPRT deficiency, PRPP synthetase overactivity and G6P deficiency. Other causes include myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, hemolytic anemias or cytotoxic drug related causes. Lastly increased dietary purine intake, hyperuricemia, dehydration, decreased glomerular filtration and renal tubular uric acid reabsorption

Strain your urine each time you make a trip for the restroom. This will enable you to catch a stone, or a minimum of particles of the stone. These might be positioned in a sterile container and taken to the health practitioner as soon as feasible. With transferring kidney stones, it may be very helpful for the physician to have a sample. From this, he can ascertain the type and make up with the stones you are dealing with.

Kidney stones, if untreated, can cause blockage and atrophy in a kidney. If this happens, the kidney can become dilated, thinned out and will function very minimally. (Nguyen 2015) Another issue that patients see is a risk of kidney infections, which is caused by some stones due to their chemical makeup. Patients that have a history of producing Struvite stones can experience chronic urinary tract infections as a result of an enzyme that is secreted by bacteria and could possibly lead to sepsis if not treated. (Sepsis Alliance

Renal calculus can cause many different signs and symptoms. Many patients suffering from kidney stones present with back pain with pain radiating to the groin area (Grey and Ailinani, 298). Others symptoms of renal calculus are hematuria, dysuria, polyuria, vomiting, and nausea. Chills and fever when associated

Other symptoms consist of sharp stabbing pain in the lower back that can last up to an hour. If you experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and noticed blood in your urine, then you may have a kidney stone. Some times you will have an urge to urinate and when you finally do you will feel a burning pain in the urethra.

If the size of the stone are less than five millimeters in diameter, it should pass through the urinary tract without the need of surgery or medicine. However, if the diameter of the stone are bigger than ten millimeters, then it must be removed by surgery or lithotripsy (Baxter, 2016b). In order to determine what kind of kidney stones have formed, a 24 hour urine sample, blood screen, calcium loading tests, and stone analysis has to be performed (Baxter, 2016b). Men between the ages of twenty to thirty are most likely to be diagnosed with kidney stones (Kidney Stones). Approximately 70% of men and 10% of women are diagnosed with kidney stones by the age of seventy

Since the occurrence and progression of various human pathological conditions have been proposed to have an involvement of uric acid (UA), a number of researchers have therefore attempted to elucidate the potential roles of UA underlying the pathogenesis of UA-related diseases (1, 2). Among these, UA is well-documented in kidney stone diseases since it serves as not only a main crystalline composition of pure UA but also a principal risk factor for hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone disease (3, 4). These two kidney stones account for a significant percentage of stone-forming patients and have an increasing prevalence worldwide over the past few decades. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying UA-related kidney stone diseases are still not well understood.

The presence of kidney stones usually cause pain which is very very beginning on side or back, under her hips and moves to the lower abdomen and groin. The pain changed along with the movement of kidney stones in the urinary tract. Kidney stones can also cause urinary difficulties You and this will increasingly worsen the condition. Avoid the formation of stones in the kidney you with these steps.

Kidney stones can be caused by dehydration, urinary tract infections, kidney disorders and certain metabolic disorders such as over active thyroid glands. Developing stones may also be hereditary. Indinavir, a medicine used to treat HIV infection, can also be a factor in the development of kidney stones.Struvite stones can form as a result of a urinary tract infection. High calcium levels in the urine creates crystals of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate to form in kidneys or in the urinary tract. Stones may also form in individuals who experience chronic inflammation of the bowel or have had an intestinal bypass, or ostomy surgery. People with a history of forming calcium oxalate stones are usually advised to limit or eliminate high-oxalate foods which include rhubarb,spinach,beets,swiss chard,wheat germ,soybean crackers,peanuts,okra,chocolate,black