Urinary Incontinence

In reviewing this article, this writer was able critique the study and the suitability that it can possess if applied to actual practice. An important factor on whether a study can be considered valuable is if it is transferable in other situation, that is, a study's results should also be reflective if duplicated on other samples (Polit & Beck, 2006). Thus, the statistical power, internal and external validity are important to observe and note (Polit & Beck). If this writer were to carry out this study, it would have to be reflective of how the researcher performed it originality.

This reflection case study will be discussing urinary continence management using Gibbs reflective framework (Gibbs,1988). This will include what is urinary incontinence management, the pathophysiology of urinary incontinence after stroke, how continence affect patient and current clinical practice and the role of the nurse and multi-disciplinary team within continence management. Also using the evidence based research and national guidelines.

Incontinence is one of the major problems faced by the elderly. Nurses can play a significant role in discovering continence problems (Lea R.et.al.2007). Urinary incontinence is the unintentional passing of urine. It is a very common problem and is thought to affect more than 50 million people in the developed world.(NHS.UK). To identify the problem and provide necessary treatment at the early stage, a thorough physical assessment is necessary.

| The discussion refers often to the topic and with adequate evidence from the literature. There is appraisal of the literature(19-21)

2011). Incontinence is defined as the complaint of any involuntary loss of urine (urine incontinence) or faecal material (faecal incontinence) or both (double incontinence) (Abrams et al. 2009). Incontinence is a widespread problem in all healthcare settings (Du Moulin et al. 2008; Macmillan et al. 2004). Figures produced by Macmillan et al. (2004) studies on the prevalence of incontinence varied but prevalence was estimated between 10% and 15% for faecal incontinence measured in community-dwelling adults and up to 46% for urinary incontinence measured in older, home-care patients in Du Moulin et al. (2008) studies results. This shows that there is a huge amount of patients at risk for IAD due to them having the risk factor of incontinence. Therefore the prevention of IAD should be paramount in the care of any patients or clients who are at risk for

What are your thoughts about patients ' reluctance to talk about incontinence with their providers?

Urinary incontinence is a frustrating medical condition. You never know when a sneeze or burst of laughter will cause your bladder to leak. The wetness leaves you uncomfortable and worried about odor. One solution is to wear adult diapers, but you may hate the way they feel and look under your clothing. A better option is to seek treatment from your doctor. Here are some of the treatments he or she may try.

The background and significance of this study are properly presented in the introduction. The research question is presented at the end of the

Fecal incontinence is the inability to control your bowels. When you feel the urge to have a bowel movement, you may not be able to wait until you can get to a restroom. This can cause you to have accidents.

It is essential for the nurse to have a proper and detailed assessment to determine the most likely cause or type of UI. One of the most basic and least invasive assessment a nurse can do is to obtain a complete history. A complete history must asked questions such as onset and duration, aggravating factors, characteristics, medical history (medical conditions and medications), associated symptoms, attempted treatments and severity (Testa, p. 83). There are also different tools that a nurse can use such as the Urogenital Inventory/ Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and Bladder Diary. Using questionnaires and bladder diary can be used in order to facilitate data gathering for people who have difficulty discussing incontinence face to face. Thorough history can provide insight and help identify potentially reversible causative factors and contributing risk factors related to UI (Mauk, p. 553). It is also important to have a detailed physical assessment, which focused on genitourinary system, abdominal, rectal and neurologic system, in order to determine the pathophysiology of voiding problems. If the nurse suspects any cognitive impairment from the initial assessment Mini Mental State Examination, Mini- Cog, and/or Confusion Assessment Method can be used to determine the severity of the cognitive impairment. It also alerts the healthcare provider for the patient’ increased risked for constant incontinence and it also determines the appropriate interventions. Having a comprehensive assessment will help the healthcare provider to diagnose and establish proper

The abstract provides a nice summary of the article including the purpose, method, results and conclusion of the study. There is no real sense of urgency portrayed in the abstract because the authors fail to explain what the problem is that the study is aimed at researching. The authors do include the applicability of their

This study was limited due to the small sample size. Although the conclusions are valid, more research with a

For many people, getting older can be difficult because of fear. They worry about what could happen to them or what type of diseases they might develop later on. To become a more mature adult is a stage of life that each individual will experience in a certain point. Statistics shows that eighty-eight percent of those of sixty-five years of age and older have at least one chronic health condition such as diabetes, dementia, Parkinson’s disease or cancer. (ezinearticles.com). This scholarly essay will focus mainly on urinary incontinence (UI) which is a common health problem that elderly may have.

Elimination, personal cleansing, eating and drinking activities of daily living will be discussed further in order to explore John’s current condition and his health problems. In relation to elimination, presence of UTI could lead to incontinence which could a major problem that John may be experiencing, as incontinence is highly prevalent in people with dementia. (Price, 2011). The common cause of incontinence in adulthood is due to co-existence of other illnesses that deteriorate the physical and mental abilities of the person, increasing vulnerability as they lose their voluntary control over the excretion of urine or faeces (Solomon, 2008). Elimination is a very private activity, unlike eating and drinking; hence realizing the inability

On the composition of the study sample, some socio-demographic data were presented. This is part of results and would be better off at the beginning of results than in the sampling part of the methodology.