Urinary Incontinence

Difficulties with continence can affect an individual’s self-esteem, health and their day to day activities. Incontinence sufferers have been known to lose self-esteem and confidence and even withdraw from their usual circle of friends and family. The fear of being found out can make an individual feel ashamed of their condition. These feelings as a whole can impact negatively on an individual’s life. If the incontinence is due to a urinary infection, this could cause intimacy issues, leading to fear of rejection from a spouse. Family outings or sports activities may be affected due to fear of

This reflection case study will be discussing urinary continence management using Gibbs reflective framework (Gibbs,1988). This will include what is urinary incontinence management, the pathophysiology of urinary incontinence after stroke, how continence affect patient and current clinical practice and the role of the nurse and multi-disciplinary team within continence management. Also using the evidence based research and national guidelines.

Incontinence is one of the major problems faced by the elderly. Nurses can play a significant role in discovering continence problems (Lea R.et.al.2007). Urinary incontinence is the unintentional passing of urine. It is a very common problem and is thought to affect more than 50 million people in the developed world.(NHS.UK). To identify the problem and provide necessary treatment at the early stage, a thorough physical assessment is necessary.

Incontinence can affect individuals mentally as well as physically, it can have a negative effect

First, neurological disorders can occur, as seen with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, which can lead to neurogenic bladder (“Neurology/Neurogenic Bladder,” 2017). Next, physiological disorders can occur as seen with enlarged prostate in men or shortening of the urethra in women (Jaipaul, 2017). Anticipating the above changes appropriately will aid in understanding what leads to urinary retention in older adults, the resulting need of catheterizations, and the CAUTIs that can follow. Having a foundation to build on, it would be beneficial to explore what nurses can do prevent urinary tract infections in patients who require catheterization.

Father gets up once during night to empty his bladder and mother reports problems with bladder leakage from stress incontinence(Johnson family, personal communication, June 24, 2012).

Related to (r/t) factors: frequent accidents after sudden urge to void, inability to delay urine with sudden urge and increasing urinary accidents over past year. Neurological disorders (brain disorders, including cerebrovascular accident, brain

2011). Incontinence is defined as the complaint of any involuntary loss of urine (urine incontinence) or faecal material (faecal incontinence) or both (double incontinence) (Abrams et al. 2009). Incontinence is a widespread problem in all healthcare settings (Du Moulin et al. 2008; Macmillan et al. 2004). Figures produced by Macmillan et al. (2004) studies on the prevalence of incontinence varied but prevalence was estimated between 10% and 15% for faecal incontinence measured in community-dwelling adults and up to 46% for urinary incontinence measured in older, home-care patients in Du Moulin et al. (2008) studies results. This shows that there is a huge amount of patients at risk for IAD due to them having the risk factor of incontinence. Therefore the prevention of IAD should be paramount in the care of any patients or clients who are at risk for

Due to weaken immune system, declining organ function, poor sensory perception, and multiple prescribed and over the counter medications, and comorbidities elderly patients are at risk for infections. For many elderly patients the possibility of developing an infection is extremely high, on account of hospitalization or living in long-term care facilities. The most common type of infection acquired in these facilities is urinary tract infections. A urinary tract infection most likely affects the bladder or urethra; more serious urinary tract infections occur in the kidneys. There may be symptoms such as urinary urgency or frequency, but in other cases there are no symptoms at all. This urine infection is caused by gram-negative sepsis.

Toddlers empty bladder less frequent, begin to develop voluntary control or urination, full control comes later”

Accessible multidisciplinary services including assessment (urodynamics investigation where appropriate), diagnosis and management for people with urinary incontinence and other bladder dysfunctions.

I do not have problems with incontinence so I am able to recognize when I do need to go to the bathroom.

For many people, getting older can be difficult because of fear. They worry about what could happen to them or what type of diseases they might develop later on. To become a more mature adult is a stage of life that each individual will experience in a certain point. Statistics shows that eighty-eight percent of those of sixty-five years of age and older have at least one chronic health condition such as diabetes, dementia, Parkinson’s disease or cancer. (ezinearticles.com). This scholarly essay will focus mainly on urinary incontinence (UI) which is a common health problem that elderly may have.

Pelvic floor muscle denervation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of urodynamic stress incontinence (USI).(66) The EMG techniques have been used to identify sphincter injury after childbirth and to evaluate women with USI. Stress incontinence and genitourinary prolapse were associated with partial denervation of the pelvic floor.(122) The changes were most marked in women who were incontinent after delivery, who had a prolonged second stage of labor, and had given birth to heavier babies. In some studies, nearly all EMG parameters showed significant differences between continent and SUI women consistent with better motor unit recruitment in continent women. Continent women had larger amplitude, longer-duration MUPs with increased turns

The bladder and urinary tract depict the epitome of various old age associated conditions. Urinary incontinence otherwise known as loss of bladder control is a common problem associated with aging. Besides old age, diabetes and other conditions also contribute to incontinence. Other common conditions include menopause for women and enlarged prostate for men.