Urinary Tract Disease Research Paper

There are three types of crystals and stones that can be formed within the cat’s lower urinary tract. Each type of stone results from different environments and requires different treatments and dietary considerations.

Urinary incontinence is loss of bladder control, which can happen to anyone, but it becomes more common with age. Symptoms of incontinence can range from mild leaking to uncontrollable wetting. If it is not managed on time, it can lead to embarrassment, stigmatization, and depression.

1. What specific part of the kidney does the dialysis tubing represent? What is the function of this part?

Some young animals may have obtained a birth defect that causes incontinence. This defect is known as an ectopic ureter (ureteral ectopia). The term is described as an abnormally located portion of the ureter. In other words, instead of the ureter opening in the bladder, it opens in a different location, such as the urethra, vagina, or uterus. The result is constant dribbling of urine. Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is another commonly diagnosed cause of urinary incontinence that mainly affects adult female dogs. Male dogs are also affected, as well as cats. Hormone-responsive incontinence occurs in neutered dogs of both sexes and occasionally in spayed female cats. This type of incontinence normally takes place when an animal is resting and can occur from months to years after the animal has had surgery. Aging is another cause for urinary incontinence. The urinary sphincter muscle that holds urine in the bladder becomes weakened, causing uncontrollable

My organ is the urinary bladder for the organ paper. The function of the urinary bladder is a storage container temporarily for urine, until it is expelled through the urethra. The elasticity of the bladder is unmatched as it has the ability to increase in size to make room for increases in urine volume from 600 to 800 ml at maximum capacity. The reason for this elasticity is due to the visceral muscles and transitional epithelium located in the walls of this hollow organ, that allows this distensibility enabling it to fill and empty multiple times every day. Another function of the bladder is to aid in expelling urine from the body by contracting the detrusor muscle as well as the relaxing of the urethral sphincter; the external urethral

Feline lower urinary tract disease can include problems such as cystitis, crystalluria, and urinary obstruction. The cause for these problems is generally not determined. However, stress may be a causative factor (Summers, 2014). Urolithiasis is also a problematic condition in cats. When diagnosed, most cats are between 2 and 6 years old (Case, 2011). Genetics seem to play a role as well. Some breeds of cats are more prone to calcium oxalate uroliths, while others are more prone to struvite uroliths.

Bladder is one of the organ which is part of the urinary system of body. The major function of the bladder is to store urine produced in the kidney prior to urination. The urinary system of the body ensures the removal of wastes and excess fluid from the body in the form of urine. To ensure normal urination to ensue, all the parts in the urinary system have to work in the right order. The process of urine elimination begins in the kidney and ends in the urethra. Human body is composed of a pair of kidneys which is bean-shaped and located right under the rib cage each on one side of the spine (Keast et al., 2015) (where in this Kanai paper is this mentioned?). The kidneys work in pairs to filter approximately 200 liters of blood per day so that any excess salt, water and urea, a

There have been extensive technological advancements in the healthcare field, one of them being the indwelling urinary catheter. The use of indwelling urinary catheters in the hospital setting has proven to be an effective way of treating certain urinary problems, when necessary. For example, when a patient is in pain because his or her bladder is distended due to urinary retention, or when a patient is post-op and unable to void. However, the use of indwelling catheters is not always free of consequence. Healthcare providers must consider the risks and benefits of catheter insertion, as indwelling catheters pose a risk of urinary tract infection from the moment they enter the patient. The American Nurses Association used evidence-based practice to develop the CAUTI Prevention Tool, which has been effective in reducing the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitals.

Urinary tract infections (UTI’s) are much too common in the elderly population (Lim, Whitehurst, Usoro, & Ming Ng, 2014). Some residents who develop these nosocomial infections will become septic, leading to 10% mortality within 7 days (Saint, S., Kaufman, S.R., Rogers, M.A., Baker, P.D., Boyko, E.J., Lipsky, B.A., 2006). UTI’s can cost between $749 and $1,007 per infection (Meddings, J., Rogers, M.A.M, Krein, S.L., Fakih, M.G., Olmsted, R.N., & Saint, S., 2013) and according to Spector, Limcango, Williams, Rhodes, & Hurd, (2013), UTI’s are 23% of the total avoidable hospitalizations. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), consider

According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent healthcare associated infections with 93,300 healthcare related UTIs diagnosed in 2011. Seventy five percent of healthcare acquired UTIs are catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Because of this, major efforts, including the creation of preventive guidelines, have been made worldwide to reduce the numbers of these infections. These guidelines center on using catheters only when they are needed and only for as long as they are needed. They include specific situations in which catheters should be used which mostly include operative procedures or medical situations that would require

History of depression/mental health issues: He doesn’t have history of depression or mental health problems,

Renal colic occurs attributed by ureteral obstructions, that ureteral peristalsis, the stones move with tilting or twisting, it can increase intraluminal pressure and stimulating nerve endings in the lamina propria when ureteral dilation, stretching and spasm (Dave, 2018). There are few more things considered as pathophysiology of renal colic: the pH of urinary is persistently low, Hyperuricosuria, and low urinary volume (Abou-Elela,

Inflammatory bowel disease is a disease that can afflict both dogs and cats. However, because of the linkage between inflammatory bowel disease and hairballs in cats, the focus will be on feline inflammatory bowel disease, especially considering the previously accepted belief that hairballs are normal for cats. While there are multiple modes of managing this disease, the nutritional management will be the main point of discussion. Inflammatory bowel disease is actually not an uncommon disease. In Dr. Norsworthy’s 2014 study, out of 100 cats, only 1 cat had a normal biopsy, indicating that there was no form of inflammatory bowel disease or other affliction (Jean Dodds. Hairballs: Chronic Conditions and Prevention). Because of its prevalence,

Ensure that the catheter is protected and is not pulled or traumatized after insertion. Secure the drainage tubing to the upper thigh. Also, remove or change the catheter only as indicated by the patient’s condition and manufacturer recommendations (Slater, 2011). Clean the catheter and perineal area at least once a day and after every bowel movement. Use only mild soap or perineal cleansers, and wash from the meatus outward to avoid bringing bacteria into the urethra. To prevent backflow into the bladder, ensure that the collecting bag remains lower than the bladder at all times. Never place the collecting bag on the floor. If at any time the collecting system becomes compromised, it is imperative that the catheter and collecting system be replaced. To encourage natural irrigation of the bladder and collecting system, encourage patients to have adequate fluid intake (Taylor et al.,

Since you have understood all the possible reasons of the burning question in your mind ‘Why does my cat pee everywhere’, it is time to know the ways to stop your cat from peeing everywhere. In spite of knowing about the various possible reasons, it is quite difficult to predict if the problem is medical or behavioural. Hence I would recommend you to consult a good vet. For sure you don’t want to take any chances with your beloved cat. If the issue is concerning the health, proper treatment can be given till the time she gets back to its normal behaviour.